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首页> 外文期刊>Psychoneuroendocrinology: An International Journal >Influence of a natural stressor (predator odor) on locomotor activity in the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus): modulation by sex, reproductive condition and gonadal hormones.
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Influence of a natural stressor (predator odor) on locomotor activity in the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus): modulation by sex, reproductive condition and gonadal hormones.

机译：天然应激源（捕食者的气味）对草地田鼠（田鼠（Microtus pennsylvanicus））运动能力的影响：性别，生殖条件和性腺激素的调节。

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Sex differences in a variety of non-reproductive behaviors have been indicated to occur in seasonally breeding polygynous promiscuous rodents such as the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. The present study was designed to assess the effects of reproductive and hormonal status on the locomotor responses of meadow voles following brief exposure to the odors of a natural predator, the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Adult male and female meadow voles, which are seasonal photoperiodically-induced breeders, were housed in either mixed sex pairs under a long, reproductively stimulatory photoperiod (simulating breeding: long light cycle, paired: LLC + P) or in same-sex pairs under a short, reproductively inhibitory photoperiod (simulated non-breeding: short light cycle, non-paired: SLC-NP). On 2 consecutive days following 1 day of baseline activity monitoring, voles were exposed individually for 3 min to fox odor and a novel pungent control odor (extract of almond). The levels of various measures of activity that were displayed by the voles were assessed by an automated Digiscan activity monitoring system. LLC + P (simulated breeding) voles displayed higher basal levels of activity relative to SLC + NP (simulated non-breeding) voles, with males displaying greater activity than females. LLC + P (simulated breeding) males displayed a significant reduction in activity levels following exposure to fox odor relative to control odor. The reductions in activity following fox odor exposure were related to plasma testosterone levels such that a larger behavioral response (i.e. greater reduction) was associated with higher levels of testosterone. Furthermore, dividing males into high and low testosterone groups based on the median levels of testosterone revealed that high but not low testosterone males displayed reductions in activity following exposure to fox odor relative to control odor. No changes in activity levels following exposure to fox odor were noted in SLC-NP males, and either SLC-NP or LLC + P females. These results show that this sexually dimorphic non-reproductive behavior is significantly influenced by reproductive condition and gonadal hormone levels.
机译：已经表明，在季节性繁殖的多齿杂种啮齿动物如草地田鼠，田鼠（Microtus pennsylvanicus）中，会出现各种非生殖行为的性别差异。本研究旨在评估短暂暴露于天然捕食者红狐（Vulpes vulpes）的气味后，生殖和激素状态对草甸田鼠运动反应的影响。成年的雄性和雌性草甸田鼠是季节性的光周期诱导的繁殖者，被安置在长的，生殖刺激的光周期（模拟繁殖：长光周期，成对：LLC + P）下成对混合成对，或在相同的成对下成对饲养。短暂的繁殖抑制性光周期（模拟的非繁殖：短光周期，非配对：SLC-NP）。在基线活动监测的1天后的连续2天中，将田鼠分别暴露于狐臭味和新的刺激性对照气味（杏仁提取物）3分钟。田鼠显示的各种活动量度均通过自动Digiscan活动监测系统进行评估。 LLC + P（模拟育种）田鼠相对于SLC + NP（模拟非育种）田鼠显示出更高的基础活动水平，雄性比雌性显示出更高的活性。与对照气味相比，LLC + P（模拟育种）雄性暴露于狐臭后，其活动水平显着降低。狐臭味暴露后活性的降低与血浆睾丸激素水平有关，因此更大的行为反应（即更大的降低）与更高水平的睾丸激素有关。此外，根据睾丸激素的中位数水平将雄性分为高睾丸激素和低睾丸激素两类，这表明与狐臭相比，高雄睾丸激素活性相对于对照气味有所降低。在SLC-NP雄性以及SLC-NP或LLC + P雌性中，暴露于狐臭后的活动水平未见变化。这些结果表明，这种性二形非生殖行为受到生殖条件和性腺激素水平的显着影响。

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