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首页> 外文期刊>Hormones and behavior >Complex modulation of singing behavior by testosterone in an open-ended learner, the European Starling.
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Complex modulation of singing behavior by testosterone in an open-ended learner, the European Starling.

机译：开放性学习者欧洲the鸟中睾丸激素对歌唱行为的复杂调节。

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摘要

In many temperate zone songbird species males only produce song during the breeding season, when plasma testosterone (T) levels are high. Males of some species sing throughout the year, even when T levels are low, indicating a dissociation between high T levels and song rate. Given that few studies have taken advantage of these species, we compare here song traits expressed under high versus low T concentrations and we study the role of testosterone in adult song learning in the European Starling, an open-ended learner in which repertoire size dramatically increases with age. We performed a detailed comparison of song complexity and song rate between fall and spring in 6-year-old intact male European starlings. In parallel, we investigated whether potential seasonal changes were regulated by the gonadally induced increase in plasma T, by comparing seasonal changes in intact and castrated males of the same age (castrated as juveniles during their first fall) and by subsequently experimentally elevating T in half of the castrated males. While song rate and stereotypy did not differ between intacts and castrates or between fall and spring, both groups increased their average song bout length from fall to spring, but only intact males increased their repertoire size, indicating that effects of seasonal T changes differ between song traits. Intact males overall displayed a larger song repertoire and a longer bout length than the castrates, and implantation with T caused a turnover in repertoire composition in castrates. However, as the castrates had never experienced high T levels and yet displayed a markedly higher repertoire size than that of typical yearling males, this suggests that the progressive increase of song repertoire with age in male starlings is not dependent on gonadal T, although it may be T-enhanced.
机译：在许多温带地区，只有血浆睾丸激素（T）含量高时，雄性鸟类才会在繁殖季节产生雄性。即使T值较低，某些物种的雄性也会全年唱歌，这表明T值较高与歌曲速率之间存在关联。鉴于很少有研究利用这些物种，我们在这里比较了在高T和低T浓度下表达的歌曲特征，并且我们研究了欧洲ling鸟开放性学习者中睾丸激素在成人歌曲学习中的作用，其中曲目库大小急剧增加随着年龄的增长。我们对6岁的完整欧洲雄性八哥的秋天和春天之间的歌曲复杂度和歌曲速率进行了详细的比较。平行地，我们通过比较同龄的完整和male割的雄性（seasonal割时的幼龄cast割）男性的季节性变化，以及随后通过实验将T升高一半，研究了性腺诱导的血浆T升高是否调节了潜在的季节性变化。被the割的男性。虽然完整和cast割之间或秋季和春季之间的歌曲速率和刻板印象没有差异，但两组从秋季到春季都增加了平均歌曲回合长度，但是只有完整的男性才增加了曲目的大小，表明季节性T变化的影响在歌曲之间有所不同特质。完整的雄性总体上比the割者表现出更大的歌曲曲目和更长的回合长度，并且植入T导致caused割者曲目组合的更新。但是，由于the割者从未经历过较高的T水平，但与典型一岁雄性相比显示出明显更高的曲目，这表明雄性八哥的歌曲曲目随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加，尽管这可能与性腺T无关。增强T。

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