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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >One Model Fits All: Explaining Many Aspects of Number Comparison Within a Single Coherent Model-A Random Walk Account
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One Model Fits All: Explaining Many Aspects of Number Comparison Within a Single Coherent Model-A Random Walk Account

机译：一个模型适合所有人：在单个相干模型中解释数字比较的许多方面-随机游动帐户

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摘要

The time required to determine the larger of 2 digits decreases with their numerical distance, and, for a given distance, increases with their magnitude (Moyer & Landauer, 1967). One detailed quantitative framework to account for these effects is provided by random walk models. These chronometric models describe how number-related noisy partial evidence is accumulated over time; they assume that the drift rate of this stochastic process varies lawfully with the numerical magnitude of the digits presented. In a complete paired number comparison design we obtained saccadic choice responses of 43 participants, and analyzed mean saccadic latency, error rate, and the standard deviation of saccadic latency for each of the 72 digit pairs; we also obtained mean error latency for each numerical distance. Using only a small set of meaningfully interpretable parameters, we describe a variant of random walk models that accounts in considerable quantitative detail for many facets of our data, including previously untested aspects of latency standard deviation and error latencies. However, different from standard assumptions often made in random walk models, this account required that the distributions of step sizes of the induced random walks are asymmetric. We discuss how our findings can help in interpreting complex findings (e.g., conflicting speed vs. accuracy trends) in applied studies which use number comparison as a well-established diagnostic tool. Finally, we also describe a novel effect in number comparison, the decrease of saccadic response amplitude with numerical distance, and suggest an interpretation using the conceptual framework of random walk models.
机译：确定2个数字中较大的一个所需的时间随其数值距离而减少，对于给定的距离，随其量值而增加（Moyer＆Landauer，1967）。随机游走模型提供了一种解决这些影响的详细定量框架。这些计时模型描述了随着时间的推移如何积累与数字相关的有噪声的部分证据。他们假设这种随机过程的漂移率随所显示数字的数值大小而合法地变化。在一个完整的配对数比较设计中，我们获得了43位参与者的书呆子选择响应，并分析了每对72位数字对的平均书呆子潜伏期，错误率和书呆子潜伏期的标准差。我们还获得了每个数字距离的平均错误潜伏期。仅使用一小部分有意义的可解释参数，我们描述了随机游动模型的一种变体，该变体在我们数据的许多方面都占据了大量定量细节，包括之前未经测试的延迟标准偏差和错误延迟的方面。但是，与通常在随机游走模型中做出的标准假设不同，此说明要求诱导的随机游走的步长分布是不对称的。我们讨论了我们的发现如何在应用研究中帮助解释复杂的发现（例如速度与准确性趋势冲突），这些研究使用数字比较作为一种公认的诊断工具。最后，我们还描述了一种在数字比较中的新颖效果，即随数值距离而降低拍阶响应幅度，并建议使用随机行走模型的概念框架进行解释。

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