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Changes in body condition in breeding kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla

机译：繁殖Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla身体状况的变化

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摘要

We investigated the seasonal pattern of changes in body condition of breeding black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in Svalbard (79degreesN) to evaluate whether changes in body condition were a consequence of the energetic demands of breeding (the reproductive stress hypothesis) or of voluntary anorexia to attain lower flight costs during chick rearing (the programmed anorexia hypothesis). Adult body condition was recorded from early egg laying to fledging and was examined in relation to date (relative to hatching), sex, parental time-budget, brood size and reproductive success. To distinguish between the two hypotheses we evaluate whether the reduction in body condition occurred during or ahead of the energetically most demanding part of the chick-rearing period. We combine our results on Changes in body condition and time-budget with published information on field metabolic rate (FMR) and chick energy requirements from studies in the same colony. Our calculations of adult energy requirements and energy intakes indicate that the first part of the chick-rearing period was energetically the most demanding period, because adult energy requirement per hour spent off the nest was highest in this period, and adults were time constrained because of the need for 24-h brooding of the chicks.
机译：我们调查了斯瓦尔巴群岛（79°N）繁殖的黑脚Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla身体状况变化的季节性模式，以评估身体状况的变化是繁殖的能量需求（生殖压力假设）还是自愿厌食导致的。在雏鸡饲养过程中获得较低的飞行成本（程序性厌食症假设）。记录从早产卵到出雏的成年身体状况，并检查其日期（相对于孵化），性别，父母的时间预算，育雏量和生殖成功。为了区分这两种假设，我们评估了身体状况的降低是发生在雏鸡饲养过程中精力最旺盛的部分期间还是之前。我们将关于身体状况和时间预算变化的结果与来自同一殖民地研究的田间代谢率（FMR）和雏鸡能量需求的公开信息相结合。我们对成年鸡的能量需求和能量摄入的计算结果表明，雏鸡饲养的第一部分在能量上是最苛刻的时期，因为在此期间，每小时在巢内度过的成年鸡的每小时能量需求最高，并且成年鸡受到时间限制，原因是雏鸡需要24小时育雏。

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