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首页> 外文期刊>Cognition, Technology & Work >Exploring the suitability of virtual environments for safety training: signals, norms and ambiguity in a simulated emergency escape
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Exploring the suitability of virtual environments for safety training: signals, norms and ambiguity in a simulated emergency escape

机译：探索虚拟环境对安全培训的适用性：模拟紧急逃生中的信号，规范和歧义

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This study aims at exploring the suitability (if virtual environments for safety training in large public spaces. A virtual library was constructed which simulated many of the physical and normative characteristics of the 'real' university library which was the target of the virtual safety training project. In the virtual library, two different types of signals (fixed red signs vs. moving green arrows) for guiding people to the emergency exits were presented, and their efficacy on escape times was tested in three different conditions, differing with respect to the distance of participants from the escape exits (measured according to the number of corners separating participants from direct visual discovery of the emergency exit). No significant differences between the different kinds of signals were found, whereas surprising discrepancies among the three conditions appeared. The differences in performance in the three conditions were contingent upon the presence in the virtual library of peculiar environmental features embodying social norms - like a red ribbon indicating no transit. Uncertainty about the sense of such normative features in the context of the simulated emergency made some participants prone to peculiar knowledge-based errors consisting of inadequate sense-making of the normative aspects of the ongoing situation. This kind of error shows that the simulation succeeded in capturing one of the crucial characteristics of 'real' social context: ambiguity, which mostly depends on the fact that the social norms structuring public spaces and defining their legitimate uses are often ill defined and context dependent. Every valid experience in safety training requires coping with ambiguity in situations.
机译：本研究旨在探索适用性（如果在大型公共场所进行虚拟培训的虚拟环境。构建了一个虚拟图书馆，该虚拟图书馆模拟了“真实”大学图书馆的许多物理和规范特征，而虚拟图书馆是虚拟安全培训项目的目标）在虚拟图书馆中，展示了两种不同类型的信号（固定的红色标志与移动的绿色箭头），用于引导人们前往紧急出口，并在三种不同的条件下测试了它们对逃生时间的功效，但距离有所不同逃生出口的参与者数量（根据将参与者与紧急出口的直接视觉发现之间的拐角数量测量），未发现不同类型信号之间的显着差异，而三种情况之间出现了令人惊讶的差异。这三个条件下的性能取决于虚拟库中的存在体现社会规范的特殊环境特征-像一条红丝带指示没有过境。在模拟紧急情况下，此类规范性功能的不确定性使一些参与者容易出现基于知识的特殊错误，其中包括对当前情况的规范性方面的理解不足。这种错误表明，模拟成功捕获了“真实”社会环境的关键特征之一：歧义性，这主要取决于以下事实：构成公共空间并定义其合法用途的社会规范通常定义不清且取决于环境。安全培训中的每项有效经验都需要应对模棱两可的情况。

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