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Dry state preservation of nucleated cells: Progress and challenges (Review)

机译：有核细胞的干燥状态保存：进展和挑战（综述）

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Effective stabilization of nucleated cells for dry storage would be a transformative development in the field of cell-based biosensors and biotechnologic devices, as well as regenerative medicine and other areas in which stem cells have clinical utility. Ultimately, the tremendous promise of cell-based products will only be fully realized when stable long-term storage becomes available without the use of liquid nitrogen and bulky, energetically expensive freezers. Significant progress has been made over the last 10 years toward this goal, but obstacles still remain. Loading cells with the protective disaccharide trehalose has been achieved by several different techniques and has been shown to increase cell survival at low water contents. Likewise, the protective effect of heat shock proteins and other compounds have also been explored alone and in combination with trehalose. In some cases, the benefit of these molecules is seen not initially upon rehydration, but over time during cellular recovery. Other considerations, such as inhibiting apoptosis and utilizing isotonic buffer conditions have also provided stepwise increases in cell viability and function following drying and rehydration. In all these cases, however, a low level of residual water is required to achieve viability after rehydration. The most significant remaining challenge is to protect nucleated cells such that this residual water can be safely removed, thus allowing vitrification of intra- and extracellular trehalose and stable dry state storage at room temperature.
机译：有效地稳定有核细胞以进行干存储将是基于细胞的生物传感器和生物技术设备以及再生医学和干细胞在其中具有临床实用性的其他领域的变革性发展。最终，只有在不使用液氮和笨重的，能源消耗大的冷冻机的情况下，能够长期稳定地储存，才能完全实现基于细胞的产品的巨大前景。在过去的十年中，朝着这一目标取得了重大进展，但仍然存在障碍。用保护性二糖海藻糖加载细胞已通过几种不同的技术实现，并显示出在低含水量下可提高细胞存活率。同样，还单独研究了热休克蛋白和其他化合物与海藻糖结合的保护作用。在某些情况下，这些分子的好处不是最初在补液时看到的，而是在细胞恢复过程中随着时间的流逝。其他考虑因素，例如抑制细胞凋亡和利用等渗缓冲液条件，也提供了干燥和复水后细胞活力和功能的逐步增加。但是，在所有这些情况下，都需要少量的残留水才能在补液后获得活力。剩下的最大挑战是保护有核细胞，以便可以安全地除去这种残留水，从而使细胞内和细胞外海藻糖玻璃化，并在室温下稳定地保持干燥状态。

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