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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Assessment of chilling requirements of apricot floral buds: comparison of three contrasting chilling models under Mediterranean conditions.
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Assessment of chilling requirements of apricot floral buds: comparison of three contrasting chilling models under Mediterranean conditions.

机译：评估杏花芽的冷藏需求：地中海条件下三种对比冷藏模型的比较。

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Different models to estimate the chilling requirements of floral buds in deciduous fruit trees are available, although they have rarely been compared one with the other. Moreover, the mathematical functions and associated parameters involved in chilling models are frequently chosen rather arbitrarily. This work therefore aimed to improve the choice of the chilling model by comparing in same conditions three contrasting models on the basis of biological measurements of completion of chilling requirements. The first one was the sum of hours when temperature is below or equal to the threshold of 7 degrees C (binary model). The second one was the sum of Chill Units considering weighting effects of temperatures (comparable to a normal function). The third one was the sum of Chill Actions calculated according to an exponential function of temperature, proposed by Bidabe in France (1967). The time-course variations of mean growth of apricot floral primordia were established for nine annual cycles in same orchard conditions of the lower Rhone valley for 'Rouge du Roussillon'. The estimated date of end of the slow growth of floral primordia was assimilated each year to the mean date of completion of chilling requirements. Thus, for each model and each year, sums of chilling effects were calculated from fixed or variable dates (according to model) in the early autumn to the estimated date of chilling completion. A relatively high variance of the annual sum of chilling effects calculated in hours below 7 degrees C was clearly highlighted (coefficient of variation >20%). On the other hand, lower variances were obtained for the annual sums of Chill Units and Chill Actions (coefficient of variation around 6-9%). These results corroborate previous works emphasizing the unreliability of sums of hours below 7 degrees C to estimate chilling requirements in fruit trees, although this model is always mainly used in breeding and orchard management. They therefore suggest that breeders and growers could test other chilling models, as Chill Units and Chill Actions, faced with a probable varietal adaptation to global warming in the near future.
机译：可以使用不同的模型来估计落叶果树上的花蕾的低温需求，尽管很少将它们相互比较。而且，冷却模型中涉及的数学函数和相关参数经常被任意选择。因此，这项工作旨在通过在相同条件下根据完成制冷需求的生物学测量结果比较三个对比模型来改进制冷模型的选择。第一个是温度低于或等于7摄氏度的阈值时的小时总和（二进制模型）。第二个是考虑温度加权效应（与正常函数相当）的冷却单位之和。第三个是法国的Bidabe（1967）提出的根据温度的指数函数计算的低温作用的总和。在罗讷河谷下游的相同果园条件下，“ Rouge du Roussillon”的杏花原基平均生长的时程变化确定了九个年度周期。每年将花卉原基缓慢生长的终止日期的估计同化为完成冷藏要求的平均日期。因此，对于每个模型和每年，从初秋的固定或可变日期（根据模型）到估计的冷却完成日期计算出冷却效应的总和。在低于7摄氏度的小时内计算出的每年的冷害效应总和的相对高的差异很明显（差异系数> 20％）。另一方面，寒意单位和寒意行动的年度总和获得较低的方差（变异系数在6-9％左右）。这些结果证实了先前的工作，强调了低于7摄氏度的小时总和不能估计果树的冷藏需求，尽管该模型始终主要用于育种和果园管理。因此，他们建议育种者和种植者可以测试其他降温模型，如低温机组和低温行动，在不久的将来可能会适应全球变暖。

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