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On the Programmed/Non-Programmed Nature of Ageing within the Life History

机译：生命史中衰老的程序化/非程序化性质

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摘要

Understanding why and how senescence evolved is of great importance in investigating the multiple, complex mechanisms that influence the course of ageing in humans and other organisms. Compelling arguments eliminate the idea that death is generally programmed by genes for ageing, but there is still a widespread tendency to interpret data in terms of loosely defined 'age regulation', which does not usually make either evolutionary or mechanistic sense. This review critically addresses the role of natural selection in shaping ageing within the life history and examines the implications for research on genetic pathways that influence the life span. It is recognised that in exceptional circumstances the possibility exists for selection to favour limiting survival. In acknowledging that, at least in theory, ageing might occasionally be adaptive, however, the high barriers to validating actual instances of adaptive ageing are made clear.
机译：在研究影响人类和其他生物衰老过程的多种复杂机制时，了解衰老的原因和演化方式非常重要。令人信服的论点消除了通常由衰老的基因来编程死亡的想法，但是仍然存在一种广泛的趋势，即用宽松定义的“年龄调节”来解释数据，这通常不具有进化意义或机械意义。这篇评论批判性地论述了自然选择在塑造生命历史中的衰老中的作用，并考察了影响寿命的遗传途径对研究的意义。公认的是，在特殊情况下，存在选择以限制生存的可能性。至少在理论上承认衰老可能偶尔是适应性的，但是，明确了验证适应性衰老实际实例的高障碍。

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