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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Human-mangrove conflicts: The way out
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Human-mangrove conflicts: The way out

机译：人与红树林的冲突：出路

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摘要

Mangrove resources are available in approximately 117 countries, covering an area of 190,000 to 240,000 km~2. Countries like Indonesia, Nigeria and Australia have the largest mangrove areas. These ecosystems harbour 193 plant species, 397 fishes, 259 crabs, 256 molluscs, 450 insects and more than 250 other associated species. Mangrove ecosystem has the highest level of productivity among natural ecosystems, and performs several ecosystem services. The continued exploitation of mangroves worldwide has led to habitat loss, changes in species composition, loss of biodiversity and shifts in dominance and survival ability. Worldwide, about half of the mangroves have been destroyed. The Indian mangrove biodiversity is rather high. The increase in the biotic pressure on mangroves in India has been mainly due to land use changes and on account of multiple uses such as for fodder, fuel wood, fibre, timber, alcohol, paper, charcoal and medicine. Along the west coast alone, almost 40 percent of the mangrove area has been converted to agriculture and urban development. Our understanding of the natural processes in this vulnerable and fragile ecosystem is far from adequate. Environmental awareness, proper management plan and greater thrust on ecological research on mangrove ecosystems may help save and restore these unique ecosystems.
机译：红树林资源可在大约117个国家/地区使用，覆盖面积为190,000至240,000 km〜2。印度尼西亚，尼日利亚和澳大利亚等国家的红树林面积最大。这些生态系统包含193种植物，397种鱼类，259种螃蟹，256种软体动物，450种昆虫和250多种其他相关物种。红树林生态系统在自然生态系统中具有最高的生产力水平，并提供多种生态系统服务。全球范围内对红树林的持续利用导致了栖息地的丧失，物种组成的变化，生物多样性的丧失以及优势地位和生存能力的转变。在世界范围内，约有一半的红树林被摧毁。印度红树林的生物多样性很高。印度红树林生物压力的增加主要是由于土地用途的变化以及多种用途，例如饲料，薪柴，纤维，木材，酒精，纸张，木炭和药品。仅在西海岸一带，将近40％的红树林面积已转变为农业和城市发展。我们对这个脆弱而脆弱的生态系统中自然过程的理解还远远不够。环保意识，适当的管理计划以及对红树林生态系统生态研究的更大努力可能有助于保存和恢复这些独特的生态系统。

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