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Smoking and young people's mental health.

机译：吸烟与年轻人的心理健康。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review addresses the evidence on smoking and young people's mental health, reported during 2004. RECENT FINDINGS: Research studies have confirmed the previously reported epidemiological associations of smoking with gender, race and social class, as well as suspected risk factors and antecedents. Among youths, the prevalence of smoking varies across subgroups of the population, classified by race/ethnicity and social class. Gender differences in smoking vary cross-nationally. Smoking among youths is higher when parents, siblings, or peers smoke. Smoking is also higher in youths with histories of early conduct problems, drinking and illegal drug use, depression, and suicidal behaviors. The protective role of youth involvement in sports and the lesser opportunity to smoke among youths involved in religious practice were also confirmed. Among young people, early conduct problems and associated early onset of daily smoking predict a greater likelihood of becoming nicotine dependent. The interpretation of the high smoking rate among schizophrenic patients as self-medication has been challenged by a recent study that reported that smoking predicted subsequent first hospitalization for schizophrenia. New findings suggest that young persons who experienced their first exposure to nicotine as relaxing are at elevated risk for becoming nicotine dependent. SUMMARY: Longitudinal cohort studies and cross-sectional studies have been published on smoking and young people's mental health. These studies describe smoking correlates and identify predictors of negative outcomes of smoking, as well as predictors of nicotine dependence, smoking initiation, and smoking cessation.
机译：审查的目的：这项审查处理了2004年期间报告的有关吸烟和年轻人的心理健康的证据。最近的发现：研究已经证实了以前报道的吸烟与性别，种族和社会阶层的流行病学关联，以及可疑的危险因素和来路。在年轻人中，吸烟的流行程度在不同人群中有所不同，按种族/民族和社会阶层分类。吸烟的性别差异在全国范围内都不同。当父母，兄弟姐妹或同伴吸烟时，年轻人中的吸烟率更高。具有早期行为问题，饮酒和非法使用毒品，抑郁症和自杀行为的历史的年轻人中吸烟率也更高。还确认了青年人参与体育运动的保护作用以及参与宗教活动的青年人吸烟的机会较少。在年轻人中，早期行为问题和相关的每日吸烟早发作预示着变得更容易成为尼古丁依赖者。最近的一项研究提出质疑，将精神分裂症患者中的高吸烟率解释为自我用药，该研究报告说吸烟预示着随后的精神分裂症首次住院。新发现表明，首次因放松而首次接触尼古丁的年轻人，其成为尼古丁依赖者的风险较高。摘要：关于吸烟与青少年心理健康的纵向队列研究和横断面研究已经发表。这些研究描述了吸烟的相关性，并确定了吸烟负面结果的预测因素，以及尼古丁依赖，吸烟开始和戒烟的因素。

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