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Vitamin D and Its Synthetic Analogs

机译:维生素D及其合成类似物

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For many individuals, in particular during winter, supplementation with the secosteroid vitamin D-3 is essential for the prevention of bone disorders, muscle weakness, autoimmune diseases, and possibly also different types of cancer. Vitamin D-3 acts via its metabolite 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3] as potent agonist of the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). Thus, vitamin D directly affects chromatin structure and gene regulation at thousands of genomic loci, i.e., the epigenome and transcriptome of its target tissues. Modifications of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 at its side-chain, A-ring, triene system, or C-ring, alone and in combination, as well as nonsteroidal mimics provided numerous potent VDR agonists and some antagonists. The nearly 150 crystal structures of VDR's ligand-binding domain with various vitamin D compounds allow a detailed molecular understanding of their action. This review discusses the most important vitamin D analogs presented during the past 10 years and molecular insight derived from new structural information on the VDR protein.
机译:对于许多人,特别是在冬季,补充与Secosteroid维生素D-3的补充对于预防骨紊乱,肌肉无力,自身免疫疾病,以及可能也不同类型的癌症是必不可少的。维生素D-3通过其代谢物1α,25-二羟基维生素D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3]作为转录因子维生素D受体(VDR)的有效激动剂。因此,维生素D在成千上万的基因组基因座中直接影响染色质结构和基因调节,即其靶组织的外形组织和转录组。在其侧链,α-环,三烯系统或C形圈,单独和组合中的修饰1,25(OH)(2)D-3,以及非甾体模拟物提供了许多有效的VDR激动剂和一些拮抗剂。具有各种维生素D化合物的VDR's配体结合结构域的近150个晶体结构允许详细的分子理解其作用。本综述讨论了过去10年中提出的最重要的维生素D模拟,并从VDR蛋白的新结构信息中衍生出的分子洞察力。

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