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首页> 外文期刊>Biological research for nursing >Primer in Genetics and Genomics, Article 3-Explaining Human Diversity: The Role of DNA
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Primer in Genetics and Genomics, Article 3-Explaining Human Diversity: The Role of DNA

机译：遗传学和基因组学中的引物，第3条 - 解释人类多样性：DNA的作用

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摘要

Genetic variation lays the foundation for diversity and enables humans to adapt to changing environments. The order of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine on the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules of the nuclear chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in normal cell division, tissue development, and reproduction but is susceptible to alteration from a large number of random, inherited, or environmental events. Variations can range from a change in a single nucleotide to duplication of entire chromosomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the major source of human heterogeneity. Other variations that can alter phenotypes and adversely impact growth, development, and health include copy number variations, aneuploidies, and structural alterations such as deletions, translocations, inversions, duplications, insertions, or mutations in mtDNA. In addition, DNA rearrangements in somatic cells underlie the uncontrolled cell growth found in cancer. This article explores the mechanisms by which variations in DNA arise and the impact those changes can have on human health.
机译：遗传变异为多样性奠定了基础，使人们能够适应不断变化的环境。核苷酸腺嘌呤，胞嘧啶，胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶对核染色体和线粒体DNA的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）分子（MTDNA）的顺序在正常细胞分裂，组织发育和繁殖中起重要作用，但易于改变从大量随机，遗传或环境事件。变异可以从单个核苷酸的变化到整个染色体的复制。单核苷酸多态性是人类异质性的主要来源。可以改变表型和不利影响生长，发育和健康的其他变化包括拷贝数变异，非血磅和结构改变，例如MTDNA中的缺失，易位，倒置，重复，插入或突变。此外，体细胞中的DNA重排在癌症中发现的不受控制的细胞生长。本文探讨了DNA的变化而产生的机制，并且影响这些变化可能对人类健康产生的影响。

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