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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Soil Ecology >Livestock manure and antibiotics alter extracellular enzyme activity
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Livestock manure and antibiotics alter extracellular enzyme activity

机译：牲畜粪肥和抗生素改变细胞外酶活性

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摘要

Soil enzyme activities are commonly used for inferring microbial processes and nutrient limitations. In agroecosystems these enzymes can also be used to determine management effects on soil quality. Here we report the effect of dairy manure inputs and veterinary antibiotics (cephapirin and pirlimycin) on soil enzyme activities, using both a nationwide survey and a controlled field experiment. We found that manure from dairy cows increased alpha-glucosidase (67.5%), beta-D-cellubiosidase (51.4%), beta-xylosidase (48.5%), and total measured enzyme activity (34.0%). Manure reduced mass-specific enzyme activity of 5 of the 6 measured enzymes and relieved microbial phosphorus limitation, as beta-glucosidase:acid phosphatase activity was 34% higher in the manure treatment. Veterinary antibiotics administered to livestock decreased the activity of individual soil enzymes, yet only pirlimycin elicited a significant decrease in activity for beta-D-cellubiosidase (48.1%), leucine aminopeptidase (24.1%), beta-xylosidase (41.9%), and total measured enzyme activity (18.6%). We found that microbial resource allocation was largely unchanged by antibiotic treatment; however, mass-specific leucine aminopeptidase was marginally higher (21.4%) in the control treatment than in the cephapirin treatment, potentially linking antibiotics to microbial resource allocation strategies. Our results suggest that administering antibiotics to livestock affects gross ecosystem processes - i.e. decomposition rate - through effects on microbial biomass. Furthermore, manure directly impacts microbial resource allocation while antibiotics administered to livestock appears to have a less pronounced impact on microbial resource allocation. Taken together, administration of antibiotics to livestock can affect overall ecosystem process rates but is unlikely to affect microbial resource allocation.
机译：土壤酶活性通常用于推断微生物过程和营养局限性。在农业重建系统中，这些酶也可用于确定对土壤质量的管理效果。在这里，我们通过全国范围内的调查和受控场实验报告了乳制品粪便投入和兽医抗生素（Cephapirin和Pirlimycin）对土壤酶活性的影响。我们发现奶牛的粪便增加了α-葡糖苷酶（67.5％），β-D-蜂窝化酶（51.4％），β-木糖苷酶（48.5％）和总测量的酶活性（34.0％）。粪肥减少了6个测量酶中5的特异性酶活性，并减轻了微生物磷的限制，因为β-葡糖苷酶：酸性磷酸酶活性在粪便处理中较高34％。给予牲畜的兽医抗生素降低了个体土壤酶的活性，但只有皮肤霉素引发了β-D-纤维质节化酶（48.1％），亮氨酸氨基肽酶（24.1％），β-木糖苷酶（41.9％）的活性显着降低测量的酶活性（18.6％）。我们发现微生物资源分配在很大程度上不变，抗生素治疗;然而，在对照处理中略微高（21.4％）的质量特异性亮氨酸氨基肽酶比在Cephapirin治疗中，可能将抗生素与微生物资源分配策略相连。我们的研究结果表明，向牲畜施用抗生素会影响总生态系统过程 - 即分解率 - 通过对微生物生物量的影响。此外，粪肥直接影响微生物资源分配，同时给予牲畜的抗生素似乎对微生物资源分配产生了不显着的影响。一起服用，抗生素给牲畜的给药都会影响整体生态系统过程率，但不太可能影响微生物资源分配。

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