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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Immunology >Genetics of Natural Killer Cells in Human Health, Disease, and Survival
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Genetics of Natural Killer Cells in Human Health, Disease, and Survival

机译：自然杀伤细胞的遗传学，疾病和生存

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摘要

Natural killer (NK) cells have vital functions in human immunity and reproduction. In the innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, particularly by viruses, NK cells respond by secreting inflammatory cytokines and killing infected cells. In reproduction, NK cells are critical for genesis of the placenta, the organ that controls the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. Controlling NK cell functions are interactions of HLA class I with inhibitory NK cell receptors. First evolved was the conserved interaction of HLA-E with CD94: NKG2A; later established were diverse interactions of HLA-A, -B, and -C with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. Characterizing the latter interactions is rapid evolution, which distinguishes human populations and all species of higher primate. Driving this evolution are the different and competing selections imposed by pathogens on NK cell-mediated immunity and by the constraints of human reproduction on NK cell-mediated placentation. Promoting rapid evolution is independent segregation of polymorphic receptors and ligands throughout human populations.
机译：天然杀手（NK）细胞对人类免疫和繁殖具有重要作用。在先天和适应性免疫应对感染的反应中，特别是通过病毒，NK细胞通过分泌炎性细胞因子并杀死感染细胞来响应。在繁殖中，NK细胞对胎盘的成因至关重要，该器官控制氧气和营养物的供应给生长的胎儿。控制NK细胞功能是HLA类I与抑制性NK细胞受体的相互作用。首先进化是HLA-E与CD94的保守相互作用：NKG2A;后来建立了HLA-A，-B和-C的不同相互作用，具有杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体。表征后一种相互作用是快速的进化，这区分了人类人群和所有更高的灵长类动物。驾驶这一进化是病原体对NK细胞介导的免疫力施加的不同和竞争选择，以及通过人类繁殖对NK细胞介导的诱惑的限制。促进快速进化是在人口中的多态性受体和配体的独立分离。

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