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Offsetting land degradation through nitrogen and water management during maize cultivation under arid conditions

机译：干旱条件下玉米栽培过程中氮气和水管理抵消土地退化

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The best management of soil, irrigation, and crop nutrients is among major components of sustainable agriculture that reduces groundwater contamination, prevents soil degradation, and guarantees the best resource use efficiency. Trials were conducted to optimize maize (Zea mays L.) yield by experimenting various irrigation water regimes, nitrogen (N) application rates, and methods in 96 pots under arid environmental conditions during autumn 2012. Crop hydrological and agronomic characteristics were assessed under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangements. Water and N stress to the plants under observation significantly reduced the water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor pressure of the leaves. Crop growth rate and total dry matter production were significantly improved by an increase in N fertilizer application up to 300kgha(-1) (equivalent to 4.8g N pot(-1)) for all water regimes. Grain per cob, 1,000-grain weight, and final grain yield were higher at 100% field capacity with the application of 300kg N ha(-1) under the soil N application method than those under foliar N application treatments. The best N rate for optimum grain production was attained by 300kgha(-1) with 575-mm supplemental irrigation water ha(-1). The quadratic equation fitting revealed that the effect of N on crop growth parameters was higher than that of the supplemental irrigation; therefore, a water deficit may partly be managed by adding N to the soil. These water and N managements may be used in formulating agricultural practices to avoid degradation of lands for soil and environmental conditions similar to those of the current study warranting a field research.
机译：土壤，灌溉和作物营养的最佳管理是可持续农业的主要组成部分，可降低地下水污染，防止土壤退化，并保证最佳资源利用效率。通过试验各种灌溉水规，氮气（N）施用率和在2012年秋季的干旱环境条件下的96个盆中的方法来进行试验以优化玉米（Zea Mays L.）产量。作物水文和农艺特征是完全评估的随机设计具有因子安排。在观察下对植物的水和N应力显着降低了叶片的水势，渗透势和粪龙压力。通过氮素施用增加300kgha（-1）（相当于4.8g N罐（-1）），作物生长速率和总干物质产量显着提高了所有水资源制度。每型玉米棒，1,000粒重量和最终籽粒产量的谷物在土壤N施用方法下施加300％的现场容量，施用300kg n ha（-1），而不是叶面施用方法。用575毫米补充灌溉水HA（-1），达到最佳谷物生产的最佳n率。二次方程拟合揭示了n在作物生长参数上的影响高于补充灌溉的影响;因此，可以通过向土壤添加N部分来分配水缺损。这些水和N管理可用于制定农业实践，以避免土壤和环境条件的土地退化，类似于目前的研究保证现场研究。

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