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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Mitonuclear conflict and cooperation govern the integration of genotypes, phenotypes and environments
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Mitonuclear conflict and cooperation govern the integration of genotypes, phenotypes and environments

机译：语言核心冲突与合作管理基因型，表型和环境的整合

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The mitonuclear genome is the most successful co-evolved mutualism in the history of life on Earth. The cross-talk between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes has been shaped by conflict and cooperation for more than 1.5 billion years, yet this system has adapted to countless genomic reorganizations by each partner, and done so under changing environments that have placed dramatic biochemical and physiological pressures on evolving lineages. From putative anaerobic origins, mitochondria emerged as the defining aerobic organelle. During this transition, the two genomes resolved rules for sex determination and transmission that made uniparental inheritance the dominant, but not a universal pattern. Mitochondria are much more than energy-producing organelles and play crucial roles in nutrient and stress signalling that can alter how nuclear genes are expressed as phenotypes. All of these interactions are examples of genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions, gene-by-gene (GxG) interactions (epistasis) or more generally context-dependent effects on the link between genotype and phenotype. We provide evidence from our own studies in Drosophila, and from those of other systems, that mitonuclear interactions-either conflicting or cooperative-are common features of GxE and GxG. We argue that mitonuclear interactions are an important model for how to better understand the pervasive context-dependent effects underlying the architecture of complex phenotypes. Future research in this area should focus on the quantitative genetic concept of effect size to place mitochondrial links to phenotype in a proper context. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour'.
机译：Qtencol核基因组是地球生命史上最成功的共同进化相互主义。线粒体和核基因组之间的串扰是通过冲突和合作的塑造超过15亿年，但该系统已经适应了每个伴侣的无数基因组重组，并在更换生化和生理的不断变化的环境下完成在不断发展的谱系上的压力。从推定的厌氧起源，线粒体被出现为定义有氧细胞器。在此转型期间，两个基因组解析了性别决定和传输规则，使订书机遗传占主导地位，但不是普遍的模式。线粒体不仅仅是产生能量的细胞器，并且在营养和应激信号中起着至关重要的作用，可以改变核基因如何表达为表型。所有这些相互作用是基因型 - 含有环境（GXE）相互作用，基因 - 基因（GXG）相互作用（外科）或更常见的上下文依赖性对基因型和表型之间的联系的影响。我们提供我们在果蝇的研究中的证据，以及其他系统的研究，即矛盾的相互作用 - 互相冲突或合作 - 是GXE和GXG的常见特征。我们认为，语言核互动是如何更好地了解复杂表型结构的普遍上下文依赖效果的重要模式。该领域的未来研究应专注于效果大小的定量遗传概念，以将线粒体链接放在适当的背景下的表型。本文是主题问题的一部分“将线粒体基因型与表型联系起来：复杂的努力”。

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