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首页> 外文期刊>Practical Metallography >Specific Characteristics of Materials Produced by Additive Manufacturing as Compared to Those Produced by Established Manufacturing Methods taking the Example of Alloy 718
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Specific Characteristics of Materials Produced by Additive Manufacturing as Compared to Those Produced by Established Manufacturing Methods taking the Example of Alloy 718

机译：与通过建立的制造方法产生的实施例，通过采用合金718的实施例，添加剂制造生产的材料的具体特征

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摘要

Micrographs of metallographic sections show that additive manufacturing, with its local heat input and rapid cooling rates, brings about microstructures in metal components that differ from those generated in conventional manufacturing processes, such as casting or forging. The example of samples/components made from the material Alloy 718 and manufactured using a laser (Laser Powder Bed Fusion, abbr.: LPBF, designation according to DIN EN ISO ASTM 52900 [1]) shows a very low coarsely distributed porosity. The porosity is limited to the gas porosity already introduced during the atomization step of the powder manufacturing process. As opposed to the microstructure of conventionally produced Alloy 718, the precipitates formed are very small and can only be revealed in the light microscope when high magnifications are applied. Evenly distributed, cruciform gamma '' precipitates are formed. The grain structure is formed independent of the LPBF-typical melting zones. Isolated dendritic structures can be observed at the interfaces of the melting zones. In the samples manufactured by LPBF, grain structures in the longitudinal section differ from those in the cross section: It can be observed that the grains are elongated in the build direction, which explains the anisotropic behavior of the materials in the tensile test. The width of the melting zones and the laser track spacing can easily be measured in the cross section, while the depth of the melting zones is well recognizable in the longitudinal section. Mechanical properties such as those found in cast or forged Alloy 718 are already present in the stress relief annealed condition.
机译：金相部分的显微照片表明，添加剂制造，其局部热输入和快速冷却速率，在常规制造工艺中产生的金属部件中的微观结构达到了不同的金属部件，例如铸造或锻造。由材料合金718制成的样品/部件的示例并使用激光制造（激光粉床融合，ABBR.:LPBF，根据DIN EN ISO ASTM 52900 [1]的指定）显示出非常低的粗糙分布孔隙率。孔隙率限于在粉末制造工艺的雾化步骤期间已经引入的气孔孔隙率。与传统生产的合金718的微观结构相反，形成的沉淀物非常小，并且在施加高放大率时，才能在光学显微镜中露出。均匀分布，形成甲状腺γ''沉淀物。晶粒结构与LPBF典型的熔化区无关。可以在熔化区的界面处观察分离的树突结构。在由LPBF制造的样品中，纵向截面中的晶粒结构与横截面中的晶粒结构不同：可以观察到晶粒在构建方向上伸长，这解释了拉伸试验中材料的各向异性行为。在横截面中可以容易地测量熔点和激光轨道间距的宽度，而熔点的深度在纵向部分中可以很好地识别。诸如在铸造或锻造合金718中发现的机械性能已经存在于应力浮雕退火条件下。

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