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Editorial Perspective: Childhood maltreatment – the problematic unisex assumption unisex assumption

机译：编辑透视：童年虐待 - 有问题的男女皆宜的假设UNISEX假设

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Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a heterogeneous group of childhood adversities that can range from different forms of abuse (physical, sexual, emotional) or neglect (physical, emotional, cognitive), to severe bullying by peers. With an annual estimated cost of $500 billion in the United States alone, CM is recognized as one of the most significant risk factors for a range of psychiatric and medical conditions (White and Kaffman, 2019). Further, rates of numerous psychiatric, neurological, and medical conditions differ significantly between males and females (Gillies and McArthur, 2010), inspiring decades of research on how sex moderates consequences of CM (Gershon et al., 2008). Although vulnerability to CM has been reported to vary by sex, very few findings have been consistent across studies. Moreover, most work to date has focused on how sex alters the frequencies of different psychopathologies in maltreated individuals, with little attention to whether different developmental processes may underlie these psychopathologies in males and females (White and Kaffman, 2019). The primary goal of this editorial was to advocate for more effective research strategies to address these questions. We first examine the rationale for studying sex as an important moderator of consequences of CM, briefly summarize some of the most consistent clinical findings, and discuss the implications of sex in treatment response. We then highlight important obstacles that contribute to the large number of inconsistent findings and make five recommendations on how to move forward.
机译：儿童虐待（cm）是一种异质的儿童逆境，可以从不同形式的滥用形式（身体，性，情感）或忽视（身体，情感，认知），由同龄人的严重欺凌。仅在美国的年度估计成本为5000亿美元，CM被认为是一系列精神病和医疗条件（白色和Kaffman，2019）中最重要的风险因素之一。此外，众多精神病学，神经系统和医疗条件的速率显着不同于男性和女性（Gillies和Mcarthur，2010）之间的差异，这是关于CM的性欲如何后果的几十年（Gershon等，2008）。虽然对CM的脆弱性据报道，逐渐变化，但在研究中很少一致。此外，大多数迄今为止的工作都集中于性别如何改变虐待的个体中不同精神病理学的频率，几乎没有注意到不同的发育过程是否可能在雄性和女性（白色和Kaffman，2019年）中的这些精神病理学。这方面的主要目标是倡导更有效的研究策略来解决这些问题。我们首先检查学习性别作为厘米后果的重要主持人的理由，简要概括了一些最一致的临床发现，并讨论了性别在治疗反应中的影响。然后，我们强调了重要的障碍，这有助于大量不一致的调查结果，并提出有关如何前进的五项建议。

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