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Selection by consequences, behavioral evolution, and the price equation

机译:后果,行为演化和价格方程的选择

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Price's equation describes evolution across time in simple mathematical terms. Although it is not a theory, but a derived identity, it is useful as an analytical tool. It affords lucid descriptions of genetic evolution, cultural evolution, and behavioral evolution (often called selection by consequences) at different levels (e.g., individual vs. group) and at different time scales (local and extended). The importance of the Price equation for behavior analysis lies in its ability to precisely restate selection by consequences, thereby restating, or even replacing, the law of effect. Beyond this, the equation may be useful whenever one regards ontogenetic behavioral change as evolutionary change, because it describes evolutionary change in abstract, general terms. As an analytical tool, the behavioral Price equation is an excellent aid in understanding how behavior changes within organisms' lifetimes. For example, it illuminates evolution of response rate, analyses of choice in concurrent schedules, negative contingencies, and dilemmas of self-control.
机译:价格方程在简单的数学术语中描述了跨时间的演变。虽然它不是一个理论,但是派生身份,虽然是一个衍生的身份,但它是一种分析工具。它提供了遗传演进,文化演进和行为演进(通常被后果的行为演进(通常被称为所谓的选择)的清晰描述(例如,各个vs.组)和不同的时间尺度(本地和扩展)。行为分析价格方程的重要性在于通过后果精确重述选择,从而恢复甚至更换效果规律。除此之外,每当一个方向性的行为变化作为进化变化时,等式可能是有用的,因为它描述了抽象,一般术语的进化变化。作为分析工具,行为价格方程是理解生物寿命内行为如何变化的绝佳辅助。例如,它照亮了响应率的演变,并发时间表中的选择分析,负面的突发事件和自我控制的困境。

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