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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of Botany >Seasonal change in a pollinator community and the maintenance of style length variation in Mertensia fusiformis (Boraginaceae)
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Seasonal change in a pollinator community and the maintenance of style length variation in Mertensia fusiformis (Boraginaceae)

机译：授粉媒介群落的季节性变化和梭形花美人鱼（Boraginaceae）的花样长度变化的维持

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Background and Aims In sub-alpine habitats, patchiness in snowpack produces marked, small-scale variation in flowering phenology. Plants in early-and late-melting patches are therefore likely to experience very different conditions during their flowering periods. Mertensia fusiformis is an early-flowering perennial that varies conspicuously in style length within and among populations. The hypothesis that style length represents an adaptation to local flowering time was tested. Specifically, it was hypothesized that lower air temperatures and higher frost risk would favour short-styled plants (with stigmas more shielded by corollas) in early-flowering patches, but that the pollen-collecting behaviour of flower visitors in late-flowering patches would favour long-styled plants.Methods Floral morphology was measured, temperatures were monitored and pollinators were observed in several matched pairs of early and late populations. To evaluate effects of cold temperatures on plants of different style lengths, experimental pollinations were conducted during mornings (warm) and evenings (cool), and on flowers that either had or had not experienced a prior frost. The effectiveness of different pollinators was quantified as seed set following single visits to plants with relatively short or long styles.Key Results Late-flowering populations experienced warmer temperatures than early-flowering populations and a different suite of pollinators. Nectar-foraging bumble-bee queens and male solitary bees predominated in early populations, whereas pollen-collecting female solitary bees were more numerous in later sites. Pollinators differed significantly in their abilities to transfer pollen to stigmas at different heights, in accordance with our prediction. However, temperature and frost sensitivity did not differ between long-and short-styled plants. Although plants in late-flowering patches tended to have longer styles than those in early patches, this difference was not consistent.Conclusions Seasonal change in pollinator-mediated selection on style length may help maintain variation in this trait in M. fusiformis, but adaptation to local flowering time is not apparent. The prevalence of short styles in these populations requires further explanation.
机译：背景和目的在亚高山生境中，积雪中的斑块会导致开花物候发生明显的小规模变化。因此，早融和晚融的植物在开花期可能会经历非常不同的条件。弓形虫（Mertensia fusiformis）是多年生的早花多年生植物，种群内和种群间的花序长度明显不同。检验了花型长度代表对当地开花时间的适应性的假设。具体而言，假设较低的空气温度和较高的霜冻风险将有利于早开花斑块的短型植物（柱头更多地被花冠遮蔽），但晚开花斑块的花访者的花粉收集行为将有利于方法测量花的形态，监测温度，并在几对成对的早，晚种群中观察授粉媒介。为了评估低温对不同花型长度的植物的影响，在早晨（温暖）和晚上（凉爽）以及已经或没有经历过霜冻的花朵上进行了实验性授粉。单次造访相对较短或较长花型的植物后，将不同传粉媒介的有效性量化为种子结实。重要结果晚花种群的温度要比早花种群和另一套授粉媒介的温度高。在早期种群中，以花蜜觅食的大黄蜂皇后和雄性单蜂为主，而在后期种群中，花粉采集的雌性单蜂数量更多。根据我们的预测，传粉媒介将花粉转移到不同高度的柱头的能力差异很大。但是，长型和短型植物之间的温度和霜冻敏感性没有差异。尽管晚花期的花型往往比早花型的花型更长，但这种差异并不总是一致的。结论授粉媒介介导的花型长度选择的季节性变化可能有助于维持梭形分枝杆菌该性状的变异，但对当地开花时间不明显。这些人群中短样式的流行需要进一步解释。

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