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首页> 外文期刊>Aviation, space, and environmental medicine. >Situational pressures on aviation decision making: goal seduction and situation aversion.
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Situational pressures on aviation decision making: goal seduction and situation aversion.

机译：航空决策面临的态势压力：目标吸引和态势规避。

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INTRODUCTION: The context in which a decision is made can shape the decision process in important ways. Of particular interest here are 'strong' situations, that is, contexts where the situation itself exerts an influence on decision making. Borrowing concepts from field theory and approach/avoidance theory, this paper explores the influence of strong situations on pilot decision making. METHOD: There were 28 pilots flying in Alaska who were interviewed using a critical incident technique where participants were asked to relate stories about challenging flying situations. A bottom-up qualitative analysis of reported social and psychological pressures revealed a range of types, including strong situations, which are described in this paper. RESULTS: Strong situations were mentioned in 67% of the interviews and included situations likely to motivate the pilot toward unsafe behavior (goal seduction) and situations likely to motivate the pilot away from safe behavior (situation aversion). Goal seduction situations included rescuing others, meeting a significant other, time-related constraints, financial pressures, and unspecified goal seduction; aversive situations included physical discomfort, not having maintenance or facilities for the airplane, and a lack of basic necessities (e.g., lodging) for the pilot. DISCUSSION: Goal seduction describes one broad, unspecified influence on pilot decision making, but situation aversion is also an important motivator for some pilots. Goal seduction and situation aversion may well underlie the phenomena of plan continuation errors, the tendency for pilots to continue despite evidence suggesting it is imprudent. This study suggests some specific factors that constrain decision making for pilots in challenging situations.
机译：简介：决策的上下文可以以重要的方式影响决策过程。这里特别感兴趣的是“强”情况，即情况本身对决策产生影响的上下文。本文借鉴了领域理论和方法/避免理论的概念，探讨了严峻形势对飞行员决策的影响。方法：有28名飞行员在阿拉斯加飞行，他们使用关键事件技术进行了采访，要求参与者介绍有关具有挑战性的飞行情况的故事。对所报告的社会和心理压力进行的自下而上的定性分析揭示了多种类型，包括强势情况，本文对此进行了描述。结果：在67％的访谈中提到了强烈的情况，其中包括可能促使飞行员采取不安全行为的目标（诱人目标）和可能促使飞行员脱离安全行为的情况（对形势的厌恶）。目标诱惑的情况包括营救其他人，遇到其他重大的，与时间相关的限制，财务压力以及未指定的目标吸引;令人反感的情况包括身体不适，没有飞机的维护或设施，以及飞行员缺乏基本必需品（例如住宿）。讨论：目标诱惑描述了一种对飞行员决策的广泛而未指定的影响，但对某些飞行员而言，反感情绪也是一个重要的动机。目标吸引和情况规避可能很好地构成了计划延续错误的现象，尽管证据表明这是不慎重的，但飞行员有继续前进的趋势。这项研究提出了一些特殊因素，这些因素会限制挑战性环境下飞行员的决策。

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