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Impact of human nuisance disturbance on vigilance and group size of a social ungulate

机译：人为干扰对社交有蹄类动物的警觉性和群体规模的影响

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In social ungulates, the proportion of time devoted to vigilance is a function of group size (known as the group size effect). We studied how varying levels of human, disturbance influence this function in the mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella) along the southern coastal plain of Israel. Based on current theory, we predicted that changes in the slope of this function should be associated with changes in average group size. In heavily disturbed areas, individual vigilance levels increased in the bigger groups, causing the vigilance vs. group size curve to flatten, i.e., vigilance was high in all group sizes. Consequently, and in accordance with theory, we found a negative relationship between group size and human disturbance. Specifically, we found that-in open areas with low disturbance levels, gazelles wore in bigger groups than in open areas with high disturbance levels. In social species, the disruption of behavioral patterns by increased human presence can affect their social structure. Because social structure is a key component in the evolution and dynamics of social species, its disruption by human disturbance can have a considerable effect on population performance even if the disturbance does not, directly impact survival and reproduction. Social disruption due to increased access to natural areas should be an important consideration in managing fragmented landscapes. [References: 22]
机译：在有蹄类动物中，用于保持警惕的时间比例是群体规模的函数（称为群体规模效应）。我们研究了不同程度的人为干扰如何影响以色列南部沿海平原的瞪羚（Gazella gazella）的功能。基于当前理论，我们预测此函数的斜率变化应与平均组大小的变化相关。在受到严重干扰的地区，较大群体的个人警惕性水平提高，从而导致警觉性与小组大小的曲线趋于平坦，即，所有小组中的警惕性都很高。因此，根据理论，我们发现小组人数与人为干扰之间存在负相关关系。具体而言，我们发现，在干扰水平较低的空旷地区，瞪羚的人群比干扰水平较高的空旷地区更大。在社会物种中，人类存在的增加对行为方式的破坏会影响其社会结构。由于社会结构是社会物种进化和动态的关键组成部分，因此，人为干扰对社会结构的破坏即使对干扰没有影响，也可能对种群表现产生相当大的影响，直接影响生存和繁殖。在管理零散的景观时，应考虑增加因进入自然区域而造成的社会破坏。 [参考：22]

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