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首页> 外文期刊>Experimental Neurology >Diabetes as a chronic metabolic stressor: Causes, consequences and clinical complications
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Diabetes as a chronic metabolic stressor: Causes, consequences and clinical complications

机译：糖尿病作为慢性代谢应激源：原因，后果和临床并发症

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摘要

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder resulting from inadequate insulin release and/or reduced insulin sensitivity. The complications of diabetes are well characterized in peripheral tissues, but there is a growing appreciation that the complications of diabetes extend to the central nervous system (CNS). One of the potential neurological complications of diabetes is cognitive deficits. Interestingly, the structural, electrophysiological, neurochemical and anatomical underpinnings responsible for cognitive deficits in diabetes are strikingly similar to those observed in animals subjected to chronic stress, as well as in patients with stress-related psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder. Since diabetes is a chronic metabolic stressor, this has led to the suggestion that common mechanistic mediators are responsible for neuroplasticity deficits in both diabetes and depression. Moreover, these common mechanistic mediators may be responsible for the increase in the risk of depressive illness in diabetes patients. In view of these observations, the aims of this review are (1) to describe the neuroplasticity deficits observed in diabetic rodents and patients; (2) to summarize the similarities in the clinical and preclinical studies of depression and diabetes; and (3) to highlight the diabetes-induced neuroplasticity deficits in those brain regions that have been implicated as important pathological centers in depressive illness, namely, the hippocampus, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex.
机译：糖尿病是由于胰岛素释放不足和/或胰岛素敏感性降低引起的内分泌疾病。糖尿病的并发症在周围组织中有很好的特征，但是人们越来越认识到，糖尿病的并发症会扩展到中枢神经系统（CNS）。糖尿病的潜在神经系统并发症之一是认知缺陷。有趣的是，造成糖尿病认知缺损的结构，电生理，神经化学和解剖学基础与遭受慢性应激的动物以及患有应激相关精神病（例如重性抑郁症）的患者中观察到的现象极为相似。由于糖尿病是一种慢性代谢应激源，因此提出了这样的建议：常见的机械介质负责糖尿病和抑郁症的神经可塑性缺乏。此外，这些常见的机械介质可能导致糖尿病患者患抑郁症的风险增加。鉴于这些观察，本综述的目的是（1）描述在糖尿病啮齿动物和患者中观察到的神经可塑性缺陷; （2）总结抑郁症和糖尿病在临床和临床前研究中的相似性; （3）强调糖尿病引起的那些大脑区域中由糖尿病引起的神经可塑性缺陷，这些区域是抑郁症的重要病理中心，即海马，杏仁核和前额叶皮层。

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