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首页> 外文期刊>Forensic science international >Headspace concentrations of explosive vapors in containers designed for canine testing and training: Theory, experiment, and canine trials
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Headspace concentrations of explosive vapors in containers designed for canine testing and training: Theory, experiment, and canine trials

机译：设计用于犬类测试和训练的容器中爆炸性蒸气的顶空浓度：理论，实验和犬类试验

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It is a common misconception that the amount of explosive is the chief contributor to the quantity of vapor that is available to trained canines. In fact, this quantity (known as odor availability) depends not only on the amount of explosive material, but also the container volume, explosive vapor pressure and temperature. In order to better understand odor availability, headspace experiments were conducted and the results were compared to theory. The vapor-phase concentrations of three liquid explosives (nitromethane, nitroethane and nitropropane) were predicted using the Ideal Gas Law for containers of various volumes that are in use for canine testing. These predictions were verified through experiments that varied the amount of sample, the container size, and the temperature. These results demonstrated that the amount of sample that is needed to saturate different sized containers is small, predictable and agrees well with theory. In general, and as expected, once the headspace of a container is saturated, any subsequent increase in sample volume will not result in the release of more vapors. The ability of canines to recognize and alert to differing amounts of nitromethane has also been studied. In particular, it was found that the response of trained canines is independent of the amount of nitromethane present, provided it is a sufficient quantity to saturate the container in which it is held.
机译：一个普遍的误解是，炸药的数量是受过训练的犬可用蒸气量的主要来源。实际上，该数量（称为气味的可利用性）不仅取决于爆炸物的数量，还取决于容器的体积，爆炸蒸汽的压力和温度。为了更好地了解气味的可用性，进行了顶空实验，并将结果与​​理论进行了比较。使用“理想气体定律”对用于犬类测试的各种容量的容器，使用三种气体炸药（硝基甲烷，硝基乙烷和硝基丙烷）的气相浓度进行了预测。通过改变样品量，容器尺寸和温度的实验验证了这些预测。这些结果表明，使不同尺寸的容器浸透所需的样品量小，可预测且与理论吻合良好。通常，正如预期的那样，一旦容器的顶部空间达到饱和，则随后任何样品体积的增加都不会导致释放更多的蒸气。还研究了犬识别和警告不同量的硝基甲烷的能力。特别地，发现训练过的犬的反应与存在的硝基甲烷的量无关，只要它足以使容纳它的容器饱和即可。

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