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An assessment by subsistence farmers of the risks to food security attributable to climate change in Makwanpur, Nepal

机译：自给农民对尼泊尔马万布尔的气候变化对粮食安全风险的评估

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摘要

The potential impacts of climate change on the food security of subsistence farmers is a serious concern. This article explores the food security situations of two categories of subsistence farm households, vegetable- and cereal-based farming systems, in the Makwanpur district of Nepal in the context of climate change. Local climate data for the past 30 years were analyzed. Interviews with local farmers and key informants, and focus group discussions were carried out to collect the primary data. Empirical data showed that changes in climate variables for the study period were in line with farmers' perceptions and that farming communities were negatively impacted. Perceived impacts were erratic rainfall, increased frequency of floods and droughts, soil degradation and insect pests, weeds and diseases. Farmers have modified traditional cropping patterns and calendar, changed crop varieties and increased fertilizer and pesticide applications in order to maintain crop yields. They have also sought off-farm employment. However, agricultural productivity in the area is declining and only one third of all households in the area were food secure. Household food insecurity was at mild to moderate levels, but vegetable-based households were more secure than cereal-based ones. At the household level, locally successful adaptive measures, such as rainwater harvesting, mulching, planting date adjustments, off-farm opportunities, including infrastructure and extension support, could increase production and contribute to reversing the impact of increased risk attributed to climate change.
机译：气候变化对自给农民粮食安全的潜在影响是一个令人严重关注的问题。本文探讨了气候变化背景下尼泊尔马万布尔区两类自给自足的农户的粮食安全状况，即以蔬菜和谷类为基础的耕作制度。分析了过去30年的当地气候数据。与当地农民和主要信息提供者进行了访谈，并进行了焦点小组讨论，以收集原始数据。经验数据表明，研究期间气候变量的变化符合农民的看法，对农业社区产生了负面影响。可以感觉到的影响是降雨不稳定，洪水和干旱的频率增加，土壤退化以及病虫害，杂草和疾病。农民改变了传统的种植方式和日历，改变了作物的品种，增加了肥料和农药的使用，以维持作物的产量。他们还寻求非农就业。但是，该地区的农业生产率正在下降，该地区所有家庭中只有三分之一的家庭有粮食保障。家庭粮食不安全状况处于中度至中度水平，但以蔬菜为基础的家庭比以谷物为基础的家庭更安全。在家庭一级，当地成功的适应性措施，例如雨水收集，覆盖，播种日期调整，非农业机会，包括基础设施和推广支持，可能会增加产量，并有助于扭转气候变化带来的风险增加的影响。

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