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Radical approaches to probe protein structure, folding, and interactions by mass spectrometry

机译：质谱法探查蛋白质结构，折叠和相互作用的自由基方法

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This review describes mass spectrometry-based strategfies and investigations to determine protein structure, folding dynamics, and protein-protein interactions in solution through the use of radical regents. The radicals are generated in high flux within microseconds from synchrotron radiation and discharge sources, and react with proteins on time scales that are less than those often attributed to structural reorgaization and folding. The oxygen-based radicals generated in aqueous solution react with proteins to effect limited oxidation at specific amino acids throughout the sequence of the protein. The extent of oxidation at these residue markers is highly influenced by the accessibility of the reaction site to the bulk solvent. The extent6 of oxidation allows protection levels to be measured based on the degree to which a reaction occurs. A map of a protein's three-dimensional structure is subsequently assembled as in a footprinting experiment. Protein solutions that contain various concentrations of substrates that either promote or disrupt dynamic structural transitions can be investigated to facilitate site-specific equilibrium and time-resolved studies of protein folding. The radical-based strategies can also be employed in the study of protein-protein interactions to provide a new avenue for investigating protein complexes and assemblies with high structural resolution. The urea-induced unfolding of apomyoglobin and the binding of gelsolin to actin are among the systems presented to illustrate the approach.
机译：这篇综述描述了基于质谱的策略和研究，以通过使用自由基试剂确定溶液中的蛋白质结构，折叠动力学和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。自由基在几秒钟内从同步加速器辐射和放电源以高通量产生，并与蛋白质反应，反应时间尺度小于通常归因于结构重组和折叠的时间尺度。水溶液中产生的基于氧的自由基与蛋白质反应，从而在整个蛋白质序列中的特定氨基酸处实现有限的氧化。这些残基标记处的氧化程度受反应位点与本体溶剂的可及性的影响很大。氧化程度6可以根据反应的程度来测量保护水平。随后像足迹实验中一样，组装蛋白质的三维结构图。可以研究包含各种浓度底物的蛋白质溶液，这些底物可以促进或破坏动态结构转变，以促进蛋白质折叠的位点特异性平衡和时间分辨研究。基于自由基的策略也可用于蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的研究，从而为研究具有高结构分辨率的蛋白质复合物和装配体提供了新途径。尿素诱导的apomyoglobin的解折叠以及凝溶胶蛋白与肌动蛋白的结合是为说明该方法而提出的系统。

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