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首页> 外文期刊>Land Use Policy >Attitudes of farmers in China's northern Shaanxi Province towards the land-use changes required under the Grain for Green Project, and implications for the project's success
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Attitudes of farmers in China's northern Shaanxi Province towards the land-use changes required under the Grain for Green Project, and implications for the project's success

机译：陕北农民对“绿色粮食计划”要求的土地利用变化的态度及其对项目成功的影响

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摘要

To restore China's degraded environment, the government launched an environmental restoration project named the 'Grain for Green' Project (GGP) in 1999. From 1999 to 2010, the government will spend US$ 40 billion to convert 147 million ha of farmland into forest and grassland and 173 million ha of wasteland (including abandoned farmland) into forest in 25 provinces. A primary focus is to replace farming and livestock grazing in fragile areas with reforestation and planting of forage crops. Given the project's tremendous size and number of participants, the attitudes of the affected farmers will strongly influence the GGP's success. To learn their attitudes, we surveyed 2000 farmers in 2005 to quantify their opinions of the GGP and how it has affected their livelihoods, and we discuss the concerns raised by these attitudes. Farmers appreciated the grain and financial compensation offered by the GGP, but few considered planting of trees (8.9%) or forage species (2.2%) to be a priority. Although only 19.1% felt that their livelihoods had been adversely affected by the GGP and 63.8% supported the project, a large proportion (37.2%) planned to return to cultivating forested areas and grassland once the project's subsidies end in 2018. Therefore, much of the restored vegetation risks being converted into farmland and rangeland again, compromising the sustainability of the environmental achievements. To succeed, strategies such as the GGP must compensate farmers fairly for their costs, create new agricultural products and techniques for use on more suitable land, and create job and training programs that account for the needs and desires of farmers and give them alternatives to returning to old land-use practices.
机译：为了恢复中国退化的环境，政府于1999年启动了一个名为“粮食换绿色”项目的环境恢复项目。从1999年到2010年，政府将花费400亿美元，将1.47亿公顷的农田转化为森林和草原和25个省的1.73亿公顷荒地（包括废弃农田）进入森林。一个主要重点是用重新造林和种植饲料作物来代替脆弱地区的农牧业。鉴于该项目的规模和参与者数量巨大，受影响农民的态度将极大地影响GGP的成功。为了了解他们的态度，我们在2005年对2000名农民进行了调查，以量化他们对GGP及其对生计的影响的观点，并讨论这些态度引起的关注。农民赞赏GGP提供的谷物和经济补偿，但很少有人认为优先种植树木（8.9％）或草料品种（2.2％）。尽管只有19.1％的人认为他们的生计受到了GGP的不利影响，而63.8％的人支持该项目，但很大一部分（37.2％）计划在该项目的补贴于2018年结束后重返林地和草原的种植。因此，大部分恢复的植被有再次被转换为农田和牧场的风险，这损害了环境成就的可持续性。为了取得成功，诸如GGP之类的策略必须公平地补偿农民的成本，创造新的农产品和技术以在更合适的土地上使用，并制定能够满足农民需求和愿望的工作和培训计划，并为他们提供替代返回的途径到旧的土地使用方式。

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