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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MRI >Pitfalls in Sonographic Evaluation of Thyroid Abnormalities
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Pitfalls in Sonographic Evaluation of Thyroid Abnormalities

机译：甲状腺异常的超声检查中的陷阱

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摘要

Ultrasound of the thyroid has become increasingly common, with evaluation of thyroid nodules representing the main indication for its use. While detection of thyroid nodules with modern high-resolution sonographic equipment is generally not a challenge, pitfalls may occur by which normal structures or pathology in neighboring organs are mistaken for thyroid nodules. Numerous reports in the literature describe various sonographic features of nodules in an attempt to stratify lesions into benign or malignant categories. While neither nodule size nor number is reliable, echogenicity, microcalcifcation, shape, and composition have been reported to be helpful in classifying thyroid nodules. No single feature should be used in isolation, and consensus guidelines have been established as to when fine-needle aspiration is indicated. Pitfalls remain in the evaluation of thyroid nodules demonstrating atypical features, such as cystic papillary carcinomas. Focal presentation of typically diffuse processes, such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis, may mimic malignant nodules, but carcinomas occur in these settings as well as in a background of normal thyroid parenchyma. Finally, because ultrasound is commonly used for surveillance of patients with thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy, sonographers should be familiar with the ultrasound appearance of disease recurrence and its mimics.
机译：甲状腺超声检查变得越来越普遍，对甲状腺结节的评估是其使用的主要指征。虽然通常用现代高分辨率超声设备检测甲状腺结节不是一个难题，但可能会出现陷阱，将邻近器官的正常结构或病理学误认为是甲状腺结节。文献中有许多报道描述了结节的各种超声特征，试图将病变分为良性或恶性类别。虽然结节大小和数目均不可靠，但据报道回声性，微钙化，形状和组成有助于甲状腺结节的分类。不能孤立使用任何单一功能，并且已就何时指示细针穿刺建立了共识指南。在评估表现出非典型特征的甲状腺结节（如囊性乳头状癌）时仍然存在陷阱。局灶性表现典型的弥漫性过程，例如格雷夫斯病和桥本甲状腺炎，可能模仿恶性结节，但在这些情况下以及正常的甲状腺实质中都会发生癌。最后，由于超声通常用于甲状腺切除术后的甲状腺癌患者的监测，因此超声检查医师应熟悉疾病复发的超声表现及其类似物。

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