Ten thousand years ago, humanity began the transition from hunter-gatherers to an agrarian society. Our ancestors learned how to domesticate animals, plant crops, and tend soil. Over time, these practices reshaped entire ecosystems to meet society's needs: forests became farms, plains sprouted cities, and valleys were flooded to make lakes. Today, the human footprint stretches from pole to pole, claiming nearly 40% of the land's total primary productivity (Haberl et al, 2007).
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