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首页> 外文期刊>Surgical oncology >The use of molecular biology in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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The use of molecular biology in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

机译：分子生物学在胃癌诊断和预后中的应用。

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The investigation of molecular and genetic changes in gastric cancer has brought new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. Knowledge of the genetic abnormalities and altered molecules could be used for differential diagnosis in case of an unknown primary tumor, allows their evaluation as prognostic factors, and could open novel avenues for more specific clinical interventions. Clinically relevant molecules whose expression or structure is altered include the plasminogen activator and its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, the cell cycle regulator cyclin E, epidermal growth factor, the apoptosis inhibitor bcl-2, the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, and the multifunctional protein beta-Catenin. In addition, genetic instability is commonly seen. Gene amplification and protein overexpression of the growth factor receptors c-erbB2 and K-sam may be prognostic factors for intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer, respectively. There has long been evidence for a genetic predisposition to gastric cancer by epidemiological studies and case reports. Very recently, germ line mutations of E-cadherin have been identified that are responsible for a dominantly inherited from of diffuse-type gastric cancer and could be used to identify individuals that are at high risk. The clinical implications of the recent findings for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and risk assessment are discussed.
机译：对胃癌分子和遗传变化的研究为该病的发病机理带来了新见解。遗传异常和改变的分子的知识可用于未知原发肿瘤的鉴别诊断，可将其评估为预后因素，并可为更具体的临床干预开辟新途径。其表达或结构发生改变的临床相关分子包括纤溶酶原激活剂及其抑制剂纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂1型，细胞周期调节剂cyclin E，表皮生长因子，凋亡抑制剂bcl-2，细胞粘附分子E-钙粘着蛋白和多功能蛋白β-连环蛋白。此外，遗传不稳定性是常见的。生长因子受体c-erbB2和K-sam的基因扩增和蛋白过表达可能分别是肠型和弥漫型胃癌的预后因素。长期以来，流行病学研究和病例报告已证明遗传易患胃癌。最近，已经鉴定出E-钙粘着蛋白的种系突变导致弥漫型胃癌的显性遗传，并且可以用于鉴定高风险个体。讨论了最新发现对诊断，预后，治疗和风险评估的临床意义。

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