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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Decay of similarity with host phylogenetic distance in parasite faunas.
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Decay of similarity with host phylogenetic distance in parasite faunas.

机译：寄生虫动物群中与宿主系统发生距离的相似性衰减。

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摘要

Exponential decay in community similarity as a function of distance is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biogeography. Thus, for parasite communities, pairwise similarity decreases with increasing geographical distance between host populations. This biogeographical rule should also apply along other dimensions characterizing the separation between communities. Since host-switching and phylogenetic affinities among host species affect the evolution of parasite faunas across host phylogenetic space the same way as dispersal and environmental gradients affect the assembly of local communities in geographical space, an exponential decay in similarity of parasite faunas with increasing host phylogenetic distance should be observed. This prediction is tested using data on metazoan parasites of 45 species of Canadian freshwater fishes belonging to 5 families. Across all host species, pairwise similarity in the composition of parasite faunas decayed exponentially, though not strongly, with increasing phylogenetic distance between hosts (measured as the number of substitutions per site along DNA sequences). A meta-analysis of correlations computed for separate fish families indicates only a very weak overall relationship. Data distribution indicates that phylogenetically close host species tend to share many of their parasites, while phylogenetically distant hosts have roughly equal chances of harbouring very similar or very dissimilar parasite faunas. The same pattern was seen when monogenean and trematode parasites were analysed separately, whereas no significant decay was observed for cestodes or nematodes, suggesting different patterns of host-switching and parasite colonization among these taxa. The results show that similarity in species composition decreases, though weakly, with increasing distance in the same manner in phylogenetic space as it does in geographical space.
机译：群落相似度随距离呈指数衰减是生物地理学中普遍存在的现象。因此，对于寄生虫群落，成对相似性随着寄主种群之间地理距离的增加而降低。此生物地理规则也应沿用其他维度来描述社区之间的分隔。由于寄主物种之间的寄主转换和亲缘关系会影响跨寄主系统空间的寄生虫动物群的进化，就像散布和环境梯度影响地理空间中本地群落的聚集方式一样，随着寄主系统进化的增加，寄生虫动物群相似性的指数衰减应当注意距离。使用关于属于5个科的45种加拿大淡水鱼的后生寄生虫数据进行了检验。在所有宿主物种中，寄生虫动物群组成的成对相似性随宿主之间的系统发生距离增加（以DNA序列中每个位点的取代数来衡量）而呈指数衰减（尽管不是很强）。对不同鱼类家族计算的相关性的荟萃分析表明，总体关系非常弱。数据分布表明，在系统发育上接近的寄主物种倾向于共享其许多寄生虫，而在系统发育上接近的寄主具有庇护非常相似或非常不同的寄生虫动物群的机会大致相等。当分别分析单基因和吸虫的寄生虫时，观察到相同的模式，而虫或线虫没有观察到显着的衰减，表明这些类群之间的宿主转换和寄生虫定殖的模式不同。结果表明，在系统发育空间中，物种组成的相似性虽然有所减弱，但随着距离的增加而减小，但与地理空间中相似。

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