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Relations between Strong High-Frequency Microwave Bursts and Proton Events

机译：强高频微波爆发与质子事件之间的关系

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Proceeding from close association between solar eruptions, flares, shock waves, and CMEs, we analyze relations between bursts at 35 GHz recorded with the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters during 1990-2012, on the one hand, and solar energetic particle (SEP) events, on the other hand. Most west to moderately east solar events with strong bursts at 35 GHz produced near-Earth proton enhancements of J (E >100 MeV) > 1 pfu. The strongest and hardest of those caused ground-level enhancements. There is a general, although scattered, correspondence between proton enhancements and peak fluxes at 35 GHz, especially pronounced if the 35 GHz flux exceeds 104 sfu and the microwave peak frequency is high. These properties indicate emission from numerous high-energy electrons in very strong magnetic fields suggesting a high rate of energy release in the flare-CME formation process. Flaring above the sunspot umbrae appears to be typical of such events. Irrespective of the origin of SEPs, these circumstances demonstrate significant diagnostic potential of high-frequency microwave bursts and sunspot-associated flares for space weather forecasting. Strong prolonged bursts at 35 GHz promptly alert to hazardous SEP events with hard spectra. A few exceptional events with moderate bursts at 35 GHz and strong proton fluxes look challenging, and should be investigated.
机译：从太阳喷发，耀斑，冲击波和CME之间的紧密联系出发，我们一方面分析了1990-2012年间用Nobeyama射电偏振计记录的35 GHz爆发与太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件之间的关系。另一方面。在35 GHz处有强烈爆发的大多数西部到中东部的太阳事件产生了J的近地质子增强（E> 100 MeV）> 1 pfu。其中最强和最难的因素导致了基础增强。在35 GHz时，质子增强与峰值通量之间存在一般的对应关系，尽管是分散的，如果35 GHz的通量超过104 sfu并且微波峰值频率很高，则尤其明显。这些性质表明在非常强的磁场中来自大量高能电子的发射，表明在耀斑CME形成过程中能量释放速率很高。这种事件典型地表现在黑子本影上方爆发。无论SEP的起源如何，这些情况都证明了高频微波爆发和黑子相关耀斑对空间天气预报的重大诊断潜力。 35 GHz处的长时间强烈爆发会迅速提醒您具有硬光谱的危险SEP事件。在35 GHz处有中等爆发度和强质子通量的一些特殊事件看起来具有挑战性，应进行研究。

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