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A review of mycotoxins in food and feed products in Portugal and estimation of probable daily intakes

机译：回顾葡萄牙食品和饲料中的霉菌毒素并估计可能的每日摄入量

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摘要

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that occur naturally in agricultural commodities worldwide. Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, patulin, fumonisins, zearalenone, trichothecenes and ergot alkaloids are presently the most important for food and feed safety. These compounds are produced by several species that belong to the Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Claviceps genera and can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, cytotoxic, neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, estrogenic and immunosuppressant. Human and animal exposure to mycotoxins is generally assessed by taking into account data on the occurrence of mycotoxins in food and feed as well as data on the consumption patterns of the concerned population. This evaluation is crucial to support measures to reduce consumer exposure to mycotoxins. This work reviews the occurrence and levels of mycotoxins in Portuguese food and feed to provide a global overview of this issue in Portugal. With the information collected, the exposure of the Portuguese population to those mycotoxins is assessed, and the estimated dietary intakes are presented.
机译：霉菌毒素是由丝状真菌产生的有毒的次生代谢产物，天然存在于世界各地的农产品中。黄曲霉毒素，曲霉毒素A，棒曲霉素，伏马菌素，玉米赤霉烯酮，曲霉烯和麦角生物碱目前对食品和饲料安全最为重要。这些化合物是由属于曲霉属，青霉属，镰刀菌属和克拉维氏菌属的几种物种产生的，可能具有致癌性，致突变性，致畸性，细胞毒性，神经毒性，肾毒性，雌激素和免疫抑制剂。人类和动物对霉菌毒素的接触通常通过考虑食物和饲料中霉菌毒素的发生数据以及有关人群的消费方式来评估。该评估对于支持减少消费者接触真菌毒素的措施至关重要。这项工作回顾了葡萄牙食品和饲料中霉菌毒素的发生和水平，以全面地概述葡萄牙的这一问题。利用收集到的信息，评估了葡萄牙人暴露于那些真菌毒素的情况，并给出了估计的饮食摄入量。

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