摘要:
《象鼻高山译语》是清乾隆年间编纂的丁种本"西番译语"的一种,经对译语的藏文和汉字初步认读,发现其记录的大多为口语.通过译语的藏文校订和分析,大致分为"藏汉义一致,藏文拼写基本正确(或稍有误) ","藏文与汉字义不一致,但对音与汉义一致","在词组中某一藏文与汉字义相同(或相近) ,但有一部分藏文词不知何义","藏文仅有表音作用","藏文拼写有误,对音不知何义(可能大多为口语) ","藏汉合璧词汇"六种情况,从中可知《象鼻高山译语》记录的语言是藏语,汉字对音在推导藏语词源方面有重要的作用.对《象鼻高山译语》进行深入探讨,对于研究清代川西地区藏语和汉语的语音面貌具有极高的学术价值和历史意义.%Xiangbi Gaoshan Yiyu is a kind of the fourth edition of XifanYiyu which was compiled and tampered in the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. After the initial recognition of Tibetan and Chinese characters,most of the records were spoken language. According to the revision and analysis of the translated Tibetan, it can be roughly divided into 6 features: 1) same meaning of Tibetan and Chinese, and Tibetan spellings are basically accurate with few mistakes,2) the meanings are inconsistent between Tibetan and Chinese,but the pronunciation and Chinese meanings are same,3) certain Tibetan and Chinese meanings are same or similar in a phrase,but the meanings of some Tibetan words are unclear, 4) Tibetan has only phonetic function,5) inaccurate Tibetan spellings,and unknown pronunciations,and 6) Tibetan - Chinese combined lexicon. According to the five cases of Chinese - Tibetan lexicon, it can be concluded that the language recorded in Xiangbi Gaoshan Yiyu must be Tibetan,and Chinese characters play an important role in deriving the etymology of Tibetan words. Comprehensive study of Xiangbi Gaoshan Yiyu is of great academic value and historical significance to the study of the phonetic features of Tibetan and Chinese in western Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty.