免疫电泳

摘要： Objective To strengthen the recognition of atypical POEMS syndrome in order to improve diagnosis rate of rare cases of POEMS syndrome. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of a rare case of POEMS syndrome coexisting with Castleman disease but without M protein in serum, urine and bone marrow who was admitted to Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed with review of the literature. Results The elder male was suspected with a diagnosis of POMES syndrome, but absence of monoclonal plasma cell disease that made it difficult to diagnose. Systemic PET-CT found an active metabolic lesion in left iliac bone. Although the lymph node biopsy had been performed for a diagnosis of Castleman disease, a bone biopsy was also done for a definite diagnosis. Pathological result indicated a plasmacytoma which confirmed a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome without M protein in serum, urine and bone marrow. Literature review suggested that the application of immunofixation electrophoresis was helpful to improve the diagnostic rate of POEMS syndrome. For patients with a suspected diagnosis of POEMS syndrome, bone biopsy, flow cytometry and systemic PET-CT may assist in the search for monoclonal plasma cell. Periphery neuropathy, bone lesion and treatment response were helpful in distinguishing Castleman disease coexisting with POEMS syndrome from Castleman disease without POEMS syndrome. Conclusions When a mandatory major criterion of POEMS syndrome is not sufficient, it should be actively sought, especially for patient with a suspected diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. For patients with multiple lesions, multi-site biopsies are necessary to assist in diagnosis.%目的 加强对血液学检查阴性的不典型POEMS综合征的认识,提高POEMS综合征罕见病例的临床诊断率.方法 回顾性描述2017年11月首都医科大学宣武医院血液科收治的1例罕见的血液学阴性、伴有Castleman病的POEMS综合征患者的诊疗经过,并进行文献复习.结果 患者老年男性,临床疑诊POEMS综合征,但血清、尿液及骨髓检测均未发现单克隆浆细胞疾病的证据,确诊困难.全身PET-CT结果显示左侧髂骨存在高代谢病灶.在淋巴结活组织检查明确Castleman病的前提下,再次对患者髂骨病灶进行活组织检查术,术后病理回报为浆细胞瘤(λ轻链型),从而明确了血液学检查阴性POEMS综合征的诊断.文献复习示免疫固定电泳可提高POEMS综合征诊断率.骨髓活组织检查、流式细胞术及全身PET-CT可协助寻找单克隆浆细胞疾病的证据.对于存在Castleman病的POEMS综合征,通过周围神经病变、骨病、治疗反应有助于与独立存在的Castleman病相鉴别.结论 当临床疑诊POEMS综合征的强制临床诊断标准不足时,应当积极寻找相关证据.对具有多发病灶的患者,多部位活组织检查是协助诊断的必需手段.

摘要： Objective To establish and evaluate the application of modified capillary immunotyping for cryoglobulin qualification .Methods Referred to literature and benchwork experience , a modified capillary immunotyping technique was set up for cryoglobulin identification . Seventy-eight cryoglobulin positive specimens were collected by a standard method in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2016 to July 2017.Thirty-nine samples were identified the type of the cryoglobulin simultaneously by modified capillary immunotyping ( CI ) and immunofixation electrophoresis ( IFE ) .Results Using the modified capillary immunotyping method , the types of cryoglobulin in seventy-eight specimens were identified.The number of cases decreased in the order of Ⅲ, Ⅱ and Ⅰ type of cryoglobulin .The clinical characteristics coincidence with previous reports .The modified CI method had a dramatic advantage in the speed, clarity, and accuracy of results compared with IFE .The ratio of reportable cases between these two methods was 1:0.87.Conclusion The modified capillary immunotyping was an accurate and easy method for cryoglobulin qualification , and feasible for clinical application .%目的 改良毛细管免疫分型技术用于冷球蛋白鉴定的方法建立与临床应用.方法 参考文献及工作经验,建立改良毛细管免疫分型技术用于冷球蛋白鉴定.严格按照冷球蛋白采样要求,收集2016年11月至2017年7月在北京协和医院检测冷球蛋白阳性的标本78份,其中39份分别采用改良的毛细管免疫分型和免疫固定电泳方法进行分型鉴定.结果 采用改良毛细管免疫分型技术,78例冷球蛋白阳性标本中鉴定出Ⅲ型冷球蛋白最多,其次是Ⅱ型、Ⅰ型,不同类型冷球蛋白血症患者临床特点与既往报道相似.在检测速度、结果判读的清晰度和准确度上,改良毛细管免疫分型技术明显优于免疫固定电泳方法,两者可报告比例为1:0.87.结论 毛细管免疫分型技术是一种准确而简便易行的冷球蛋白鉴定方法,适于临床实验室使用.

摘要： Objective This study was to observe the effects of different test conditions on the qualitative and quantitative detection of cryoglobulin .Methods We prepared 5 blood samples of different types of cryoglobulinemia . We detect the cryoglobulin qualitatively and quantitatively at different temperatures (37 °Cand room temperature of 20-25 °C), and with different observation time (3 days and 7 days) and with different amount of blood (5 ml and 20 ml) .Further we will categorize the type of cryoglobulin and detect the components of cryoglobulin by immunofixation electrophoresis ( IFE) and other laboratory tests.Results (1) Blood samples from two groups were clotting and the serums were separated at 37 °C and room temperature respectively , and cryoglobulins of two groups were all qualitatively positive . Quantitative detection of cryoglobulins showed that the concentrations of cryoglobulins of room temperature group are lower than that of 37°Cgroup;(2) Compared with 7 days, observing for only 3 days may lead to false-negative results in qualitative detection of cryoglobulin , and concentrations of cryoglobulin are also decreased;(3) Compared with 20 ml blood sample,5 ml blood sample is not enough for qualitative and quantitative detection of cryoglobulins .It may lead to false-negative results;(4) After purification, IFE and other laboratory tests can be used to categorize the types and find the components of cryoglobulins .Such examinations are helpful for finding the potential causes of cryoglobulinemia .Conclusions The positive of serum cryoglobulin is a key indicator of cryoglobulinemia .Detection of cryoglobulin can be affected by temperature, observed time and the blood volume for measurement .In addition, IFE and other laboratory tests are helpful for finding the type and the components of cryoglobulin .%目的：本研究拟通过实验观察不同检测条件对冷球蛋白定性及定量检测的影响。方法准备5例不同类型冷球蛋白血症患者的血标本，分别观察不同温度（37°C和常温20～25°C）、不同观察时间（3 d及7 d）及不同采血量（5 ml及20 ml）对冷球蛋白定性及定量检测的影响；在此基础上进一步进行冷球蛋白的分型和其他成分的检测。结果（1）分别在37°C和常温进行采血、凝血和分离血清，结果两组冷球蛋白的定性检测均为阳性，但定量检测中，常温组冷球蛋白的浓度较37°C组下降明显；（2）与观察7 d相比，仅观察3 d可能使冷球蛋白的定性检测出现假阴性，定量检测出现浓度下降；（3）与采血20 ml相比，采血5 ml可能导致冷球蛋白的定性检测出现假阴性，定量检测出现浓度下降；（4）纯化后的冷球蛋白可通过免疫固定电泳法分型，并可进一步检测其中的相关成分，有助于判断冷球蛋白的病因。结论冷球蛋白血症的诊断关键是血清冷球蛋白阳性，不同的温度、观察时间和采血量均可能对冷球蛋白的检测有影响；此外，还通过免疫固定电泳和免疫学、病毒学检测，对冷球蛋白分型和进一步寻找病因。（中华检验医学杂志，2016，39：901－905）

摘要： 目的：对63例多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者的血清免疫固定电泳及血清免疫球蛋白M蛋白的测定结果进行回顾性分析，探讨M蛋白检测在MM诊断中的应用。方法对63例[年龄大于或等于50岁居多（55例），50岁以下较少（8例），男性略多于女性（41∶22）]确诊为MM的患者进行免疫固定电泳、血清蛋白电泳和免疫球蛋白定量测定，并对结果进行分析比较。结果 IgG类患者所占比例最高（68.3%，43/63），游离轻链型MM最低（9.5%，6/63）；无论是κ型还是λ型M蛋白，κ/λ值均显著异常。各种免疫学指标检测M蛋白阳性率，血清κ/λ最高（84.1%，53/63），血清免疫球蛋白定量最低（39.7%，25/63）。结论血清免疫球蛋白M蛋白分类及分型可为临床MM的诊断和治疗提供重要依据。%Objective To retrospectively analyze the detection results of serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and serum immunoglobulin M of 63 patients with multiple myeloma (MM),and investigate the application of M protein in the diag-nosis of MM. Methods A total of 63 patients diagnosed with MM ,including 50 cases with the age of 55 years or older and 8 cas-es with the age less than 50 years and the proportion of male to female was 41∶22,were selected to conduct IFE,serum protein electrophoresis and quantitative determination of immunoglobulin. The results were analyzed and compared. Results The pa-tients with IgG had the highest proportion accounting for 68.3%(43/63),and the free light chain MM was the lowest accounting for 9.5%(6/63). Whateverκ-type M protein orλ-type M protein,the ratio ofκ/λwas significantly abnormal. The positive rate of M protein was highest by serumκ/λaccounting for 84.1%(53/63),while lowest by serum immunoglobulin quantitative minimum ac-counting for 39.7%(25/63). Conclusion Classifications and types of M protein provide valuable basis for the diagnosis and treatment of MM clinically.

摘要： In this paper,a review on the production materials of the microfluidic chip and the commonly used detection methods is discussed. The dynamic and static modified to solve the protein adsorption in immune analysis,as well as the competition immune a-nalysis and the non-competition immune analysis on the microfluidic chips is discussed. Future study and prospect is also described.%介绍了微流控芯片的制作材料、常用的检测方法,分别讨论了利用动态修饰与静态修饰来解决免疫分析中蛋白质吸附问题,以及竞争免疫分析与非竞争免疫分析在微流控芯片上的应用,并对其发展作出了展望.

摘要： 目的 探讨免疫固定电泳检测尿本-周蛋白(BJP)的临床价值.方法 采用免疫固定电泳及热沉淀反应法检测尿液BJP,并比较二者的灵敏度和特异性.结果 140例晨尿样本用免疫固定电泳检测,检出尿BJP阳性42例,其中IgG κ型BJP 26例,IgM λ型BJP 16例;用热沉淀反应法检测,检出尿BJP阳性24例.76例十二烷基硫酸钠-琼脂糖凝胶电泳(SDS-AGE)提示尿蛋白异常的样本经免疫固定电泳的BJP检出率为55.3%,热沉淀反应法的检出率为31.6%.结论 免疫固定电泳检测尿BJP具有较高的灵敏度和特异性.%Objective To investigate the clinical value of immunofixation electrophoresis detection of urine Bence-Jones protein (BJP). Methods Immunofixation electrophoresis and thermal precipitation reaction were utilized to detect urine BJP,and their sensitivity and specificity were compared. Results 140 samples of morning urine were detected by immunofixation electrophoresis,42 samples of them were found to be BJP positive, with 26 cases of IgG κ type BJP and 16 cases of IgM λ type BJP. The same 140 samples were detected by thermal precipitation reaction,and 24 samples of them were found to be BJP positive. 76 samples with abnormal urine protein indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis(SDS-AGE) were subjected to immunofixation e-lectrophoresis and thermal precipitation reaction, respectively, and their BJP detection rate was 55. 3% and 31. 6% , respectively. Conclusion Immunofixation electrophoresis possesses higher sensitivity and specificity for urine BJP detection.

摘要： 目的 建立测定A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎球菌(meningococcus,Men)多糖疫苗(groups A,C,Y,W135 menignococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV4)多糖含量的火箭免疫电泳(rocket immunoelectro-phoresis,RIE)法.方法 分别用A、C、Y、W135群Men菌液,A、C、Y、W135群Men菌液加弗氏佐剂,A、C、Y、W135群Men多糖-牛白蛋白结合物免疫家兔,制备特异性抗血清.将制备的抗血清以一定的比例加入琼脂糖凝胶制成平板,并将纯化的多糖作为定量参考品加入抗原孔进行RIE.以多糖含量和对应的RIE峰高作标准曲线并建立直线回归方程.采用优化的RIE法测定MPV4多糖含量和分子大小.结果 菌液加佐剂制备的抗血清效价较理想.在确定的电泳条件下,建立的RIE法制备的标准曲线呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数值均>0.98.该法特异性较好,未检出各多糖间的交叉反应.采用该法测定的3批MPV4的多糖含量、分子大小及回收率均与先前的检定结果相符,均符合质控标准.结论 建立的RIE法可作为MPV4多糖抗原含量的测定方法.%Objective To establish a rocket immunoelectrophoresis (ME) method for determination of polysaccharide contents in groups A,C,Y,W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV4). Methods Rabbits were immunized with meningococcal groups A,C,Y,W135 suspensions, mixture of Freund adjuvant with meningococcal suspension and meningococcal polysaccharide-bovine albumin conjugate, respectively.Specific antisera were prepared. The specific antisera were added to agarose gel with a certain proportion to pave plate, and pure polysaccharides as quantitative references were added into gel holes to carry out RIE.Standard curves were made with polysaccharide concentrations and precipitation peaks formed by RIE, and linear regression equations were established. Polysaccharide contents and molecular sizes in MPV4 were determined by the established RIE methed. Results Optimal antiserum titers were obtained by immunization with the mixture of Freund adjuvant and meningococcal suspension. In the definitive electrophoresis conditions,standard curves made by RIE method showed better linear correlation, and r values were all >0.98. Specificity of the RIE method was better, and no cross reactions among different polysaccharides were detected. The results of polysaccharide contents, molecular sizes and recovery rates of three batches of MPV4 determined by the RIE method were in accordance with those of previous determination and the quality control standards.Conclusion The established RIE method can be used as a determination method for polysaccharide contents of MPV4.

摘要： 利用化学发光成像技术研究了Hp分型和不同形态Hp与细胞粘附蛋白CD22的结合情况。研究表明，发光成像与显色成像有很好的相关性，29份人血样品的相关性为R=0.8532。但是化学发光成像技术较显色成像技术灵敏度高10～100倍。

摘要： 利用化学发光成像技术研究了Hp分型和不同形态Hp与细胞粘附蛋白CD22的结合情况。研究表明，发光成像与显色成像有很好的相关性，29份人血样品的相关性为R=0.8532。但是化学发光成像技术较显色成像技术灵敏度高10～100倍。

摘要： 利用化学发光成像技术研究了Hp分型和不同形态Hp与细胞粘附蛋白CD22的结合情况。研究表明，发光成像与显色成像有很好的相关性，29份人血样品的相关性为R=0.8532。但是化学发光成像技术较显色成像技术灵敏度高10～100倍。

摘要： 利用化学发光成像技术研究了Hp分型和不同形态Hp与细胞粘附蛋白CD22的结合情况。研究表明，发光成像与显色成像有很好的相关性，29份人血样品的相关性为R=0.8532。但是化学发光成像技术较显色成像技术灵敏度高10～100倍。

摘要： 对流免疫电泳琼脂板打孔器包括打孔管、固定板、固定板框、把手和负压筒；打孔管通过软管与负压筒连通；在固定板框相对边的内侧设置有滑道，所述固定板的两端可滑动地设置在所述滑道内，在固定板的至少一端设置一个拨块，拨块位于固定板框外侧，在固定板框上设置有供所述拨块滑动的滑槽；在滑道内设置有位移传感器，在固定板框或把手上设置有位移显示屏。本发明可以对琼脂糖凝胶板一次打很多孔，且能自动将孔内的琼脂糖吸出，只需要单手即可完成整个操作，高效、方便。

摘要： 一种免疫检验用血清免疫电泳装置及其方法，属于血清电泳技术领域，为了解决现有的存在血清与输出接头相接触的情况，从而导致整体电路短路，且会出现空载事故的问题；本发明通过端体机构，浮动机构以及定位件，电泳箱外表面与端体机构相连接，电泳箱内部与浮动机构和定位件相连接；本发明实现随着液面的不断的升高，浮板会不断的上浮，而气压收缩管受到压缩，其内部的气体进入到浮囊中，使得浮板快速浮起，且在电泳过程中，降低血清溅出至输出接头上的概率，且血清也会进入到套接环当中，使得四组套接环扩散开，导电杆的一端插入其中，防止导电杆发生大幅度晃动现象，提高电泳时的稳定性。

摘要： 对流免疫电泳琼脂板打孔器包括打孔管、固定板、固定板框、把手和负压筒；打孔管通过软管与负压筒连通；在固定板框相对边的内侧设置有滑道，所述固定板的两端可滑动地设置在所述滑道内，在固定板的至少一端设置一个拨块，拨块位于固定板框外侧，在固定板框上设置有供所述拨块滑动的滑槽；在滑道内设置有位移传感器，在固定板框或把手上设置有位移显示屏。本发明可以对琼脂糖凝胶板一次打很多孔，且能自动将孔内的琼脂糖吸出，只需要单手即可完成整个操作，高效、方便。

摘要： 本实用新型涉及生物检测技术领域，具体涉及一种血液制品鉴别免疫电泳试验制板模具，包括成胶底板、活动挡板、尺寸面板和插具，成胶底板的两条相对的边上各设有一条挡沿，每条挡沿的两端分别设有凹形卡槽，活动挡板的数量为两个，活动挡板与凹形卡槽相适配，尺寸面板上设有样品孔和抗体槽孔，尺寸面板使用时盖合在成胶底板上以定位琼脂糖凝胶的打孔、挖槽位置，插具包括手持端和插入端，插具的插入端用于插入样品孔和/或抗体槽孔或自样品孔和/或抗体槽孔拔出。本实用新型可有效避免出现制板失败的情况，从而避免检测结果异常。

摘要： 对流免疫电泳琼脂板打孔器包括打孔管、固定板、固定板框、把手和负压筒；打孔管通过软管与负压筒连通；在固定板框相对边的内侧设置有滑道，所述固定板的两端可滑动地设置在所述滑道内，在固定板的至少一端设置一个拨块，拨块位于固定板框外侧，在固定板框上设置有供所述拨块滑动的滑槽；在滑道内设置有位移传感器，在固定板框或把手上设置有位移显示屏。本实用新型可以对琼脂糖凝胶板一次打很多孔，且能自动将孔内的琼脂糖吸出，只需要单手即可完成整个操作，高效、方便。

摘要： 对流免疫电泳方孔琼脂糖凝胶的制备装置，涉及对流免疫电泳技术领域，解决了现有琼脂糖凝胶制备过程中制胶流程复杂，并且不易快速大量制备的问题。该制备装置包括四边和内壁带有标尺刻线的凝胶槽；放置在凝胶槽中的凝胶托盘；放置在凝胶托盘中的载胶平板；由梳架、两个梳齿片和多个齿牙组成的双排平行长城齿梳子，所述梳架上端为把手，两端为支柱，两个梳齿片对称固定在梳架中心位置，两个梳齿片相互平行，每个梳齿片上均设置有多个齿牙，两个梳齿片上的两排齿牙对应设置；设置在梳架支柱一侧的可调紧固螺钉，双排平行长城齿梳子按照胶槽标尺刻线竖直固定在凝胶槽上。该装置结构简单，操作方便，简化了制胶流程。

摘要： 本实用新型属于于对流免疫电泳辅助装置技术领域，具体涉及一种对流免疫电泳制胶和打孔装置，包括底槽、打孔梳和用于承载凝胶的基板，所述基板的左右两侧设有挡板I；所述打孔梳由盖板和尺梳构成，所述盖板的左右两侧或仅一侧设有长方形的灌胶孔，所述盖板的前后两端设有挡板II；所述基板水平放置于底槽的内槽内，所述打孔梳通过挡板II水平架设在所述底槽之上，所述打孔梳的尺梳垂直插入到基板所承载的凝胶中。本实用新型的装置方便对流免疫电泳琼脂糖凝胶的打孔，并且打孔的直径和间距尺寸一致，解决常规手工打孔造成的孔径、孔距尺寸不一致的弊端，提高工作效率，降低了实验误差，结果更容易判断，有很好的推广应用价值。

摘要： 本实用新型涉及医学检验领域，具体涉及一种甲胎蛋白双向免疫电泳检测试剂盒。该检测试剂盒包括盒体(1)，还包括电泳板(2)和试剂瓶，所述试剂瓶包括甲胎蛋白瓶(3)、抗甲胎蛋白抗体瓶(4)，所述电泳板(2)包括底板(5)和琼脂容纳腔(6)。应用本实用新型的检测试剂盒，提高甲胎蛋白的检测灵敏性和特异性，极大的方便肝癌患者的早期诊断。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种琼脂联排组合打孔器。具体涉及对流免疫电泳检测用的打孔器装置，其由底座、孔刀插口和孔刀构成，其中，所述的孔刀插口设置于底座上，且孔刀插口垂直于底座底面并穿透底座；所述底座的相对侧面还相应设置有插头和插槽，且插头和插槽配合严密，且可以自由插拔；所述孔刀与孔刀插口配合严密，且孔刀与孔刀插口可以自由插拔。与现有技术相比，本实用新型可以针对不同数量的检测样品进行组装，使用方式灵活多变。且同一打孔器上也可以随意选择孔刀数量和孔刀间距，从而简化了对流免疫电泳的凝胶打孔技术，杜绝了打孔不准导致的实验结果误差，使试验简便，易于操作，尤其针对大批量的检测样品，极大的提高了检测效率。

摘要： 本实用新型提供一种水貂阿留申病毒检测用的对流免疫电泳成孔装置，包括成型底板，所述成型底板为矩形，还包括成型底座，成型底座为矩形，成型底座的其中三条边设有固定挡边、另外一条边设有活动挡边，成型底板正上方设有成型顶板，固定挡边和活动挡边上设有安装成型底板和成型顶板的两条凹槽，凹槽内设有直线型防滑垫，成型顶板与成型底板之间设有琼脂成型腔，成型顶板上设有贯穿成型顶板的四组成型柱安装孔，每组两排，成型柱安装孔内设有成型柱，成型柱顶端接有成型柱固定板，成型顶板上设有琼脂添加孔。本实用新型具有结构简单、使用方便，制备的琼脂板厚度均匀，标准化程度高，节省琼脂用量，封底效果好且不适用明火，试验安全性高的优点。