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首页> 外文会议>Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program(AMOP) Technical Seminar vol.1 >Oil Composition and Properties for Oil Spill Modelling
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Oil Composition and Properties for Oil Spill Modelling

机译：溢油建模的油成分和性质

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The National Exposure Research Laboratory's Ecosystems Research Division (ERD) in Athens, Georgia, USA, is developing an oil spill model that focusses on fate and transport of oil components under various oil-spill response scenarios. A database of prototype oils for use in this model is necessary. Multiple-component composition data, however, is not readily available because of complexity of oil composition. Furthermore, data for "weathered" oils (the oils after long-term exposure to natural conditions) can be very difficult to obtain. Thus the creation of a database of both physical properties and chemical compositions for a number of common oils in various weathered states is highly desirable. For use in the ERD models, the data must include fractional oil compositions based on groups of compounds with similar structures and properties which reflect the changes to an oil over the course of a spill.rnSince 1984, the Emergencies Science and Technology Division (ESTD) of Environment Canada has been developing a database of physical and chemical properties of crude oils and petroleum products. After many years endeavour, the database now contains information on hundreds of oils from all over the world. In 2002, funded by the US EPA and Environment Canada, the ESTD and ERD completed the cooperative project "Development of a Composition Database for Selected Multicomponent Oils" that characterized ten prototype crude oils and refined petroleum products. This 2003-2004 project, "Oil Composition and Properties for Oil Spill Modelling", extends and supplements the 2002 project with nine more new oils in common use in the United States. These nine oils have API gravities ranging from 11° to 42° and demonstrate large differences in their physical properties and chemical compositions. The oils are fractionated into groups of compounds with similar structures and properties. The hydrocarbon groups characterized include TPHCWG fractions with different carbon ranges, total TPH, total saturates, total aromatics, asphaltenes, and polars. The target hydrocarbons characterized include n-alkanes (from C6 to C40), volatile BTEX and other alkyl benzenes, oil-characteristic alkylated PAH homologous series (C0 to C4) and other EPA priority PAHs, and biomarker compounds.rnThis project provides the most complete and comprehensive database for the selected oils to date. The new composition data have been integrated into the existing US EPA and Environment Canada oil properties database. The results are made available to the public on the World-Wide Web. The EPA and Environment Canadarnexpect this database to be useful both for their own modelling needs and to be a resource for the oil spill response community as a whole.
机译：位于美国佐治亚州雅典的国家暴露研究实验室的生态系统研究部（ERD）正在开发一种漏油模型，该模型着重于在各种漏油响应情景下的石油成分的命运和运输。用于此模型的原型油数据库是必要的。然而，由于油成分的复杂性，多组分成分数据不容易获得。此外，很难获得“风化”油的数据（长期暴露于自然条件下的油）。因此，非常需要为多种处于各种风化状态的普通油建立物理性质和化学组成的数据库。为了在ERD模型中使用，数据必须包括基于具有相似结构和特性的化合物组的分馏油成分，这些化合物反映了溢油过程中油的变化。rn从1984年开始，紧急科学技术部（ESTD）加拿大环境部一直在开发原油和石油产品的理化特性数据库。经过多年的努力，该数据库现在包含有关来自世界各地的数百种油的信息。在2002年，由美国EPA和加拿大环境部资助的ESTD和ERD完成了合作项目“开发精选多组分油的成分数据库”，该项目具有十种原型原油和精炼石油产品的特征。这个2003-2004年的项目“溢油建模的油成分和特性”对2002年的项目进行了扩展和补充，增加了美国九种常用的新油。这九种油的API重力范围为11°至42°，并显示出其物理性质和化学组成的巨大差异。将油分馏成具有相似结构和性质的化合物。表征的烃基包括具有不同碳范围的TPHCWG馏分，总TPH，总饱和物，总芳烃，沥青质和极性。表征的目标烃包括正构烷烃（从C6至C40），挥发性BTEX和其他烷基苯，油特性烷基化的PAH同源系列（C0至C4）和其他EPA优先PAH和生物标记化合物。该项目提供了最完整的信息。以及迄今为止所选油的综合数据库。新的成分数据已集成到现有的美国EPA和加拿大环境部石油属性数据库中。结果将在万维网上向公众公开。 EPA和加拿大环境部期望该数据库既可用于其自身的建模需求，又可作为整个漏油应急响应社区的资源。

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