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An Analysis of the Operation and Interpretation of Weather Radar by Flight Crews

机译：飞行人员对天气雷达的操作与解释分析

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摘要

This paper presents a study that identifies and analyzes factors that are associated with the operational use of weather radar by flight crews. The investigation included three main activities: a human factors evaluation to gain a better understanding of how flight crews operate weather radar; a survey of flight crew designed to assess their understanding of weather radar fundamentals and perceptions of current day training; and an analysis of incidents/accidents involving the use of weather radar. An important aspect of the research was to assess whether there is any significant correlation between these three independent data sets. The data revealed shortcomings in the understanding of fundamental concepts in the operation of weather radar (e.g., tilt management, ground return interpretation, radar attenuation, system limitations at high altitude cruise). In addition, the techniques used for weather radar operation precluded optimum detection and indication of the position and intensity of significant weather (e.g., overscanning storm cells and using constant tilt for extended periods in areas with convective activity). Finally, dedicated crew training for weather radar does not appear to be standard practice and is a factor cited in half the weather-related accidents/incidents examined during this investigation. The paper provides guidance for improvements in flight crew training.
机译：本文提出了一项研究，该研究确定并分析了与机组人员使用气象雷达有关的因素。调查包括三个主要活动：人为因素评估，以更好地了解飞行机组如何操作气象雷达；对飞行机组人员进行的一项调查，旨在评估他们对天气雷达基础知识的理解和对当日培训的看法；并分析涉及使用天气雷达的事​​件/事故。该研究的重要方面是评估这三个独立的数据集之间是否存在显着相关性。数据揭示了对天气雷达操作基本概念的理解方面的缺陷（例如倾斜管理，地面返回解释，雷达衰减，高空巡航系统的局限性）。另外，用于天气雷达操作的技术排除了对重大天气的位置和强度进行最佳检测和指示的能力（例如，过度扫描风暴单元并在对流活动区域长时间使用恒定倾斜度）。最后，对气象雷达进行专门的乘员培训似乎并不是标准做法，并且是本次调查中与天气有关的事故/事件的一半。该文件为改进飞行机组人员的培训提供了指导。

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