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Identification of potential mosquito vectors of West Nile virus to horses in north central Florida.

机译：向佛罗里达州中北部地区的马匹鉴定西尼罗河病毒的潜在蚊媒。

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摘要

West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus flavivirus WNV) is of concern in the US and Florida because the virus causes disease in humans and horses. Since 1999, there have been 23,925 clinical human cases of WNV in the United States (1999-2007). Prevention and reduction of cases requires a clear understanding of the WNV transmission cycle, but much of the needed information is lacking. It is still unknown which mosquito species transmit WNV to horses. This study integrated field investigations with laboratory studies to identify possible mosquito vectors of WNV to horses in north central Florida. The primary objectives of this research were to compare the abundance and seasonality of mosquito species collected near horses, and to characterize host preference of potential vectors. An additional aim was to evaluate extrinsic risk factors of WNV to Florida horses. The extrinsic factors of interest included farm management, farm ecology, and the entomological conditions associated with each farm. A questionnaire that focused on potential risk factors was mailed to the owners of all horses tested for arbovirus from 2001 to 2003. Vaccination was the factor most strongly associated with a protective effect for WNV disease outcome in horses. The factors that were associated with an increased risk of WNV in horses were fan use in the stable, mosquito activity, and dead birds on the property. Blood meal identification and virus screening were done in order to determine which mosquito species, if any, were involved in WNV transmission to horses. Mosquitoes were collected for a period of 26 months from a horse research area in north central Florida. DNA was extracted from the abdomen of the blood fed mosquitoes to test for the presence of avian, mammalian, and reptilian blood using PCR with different primer sets. The blood meals were confirmed with sequencing. The non-blood-fed mosquitoes were sorted into pools of up to 50 mosquitoes and screened for WNV, SLEV, and EEEV by Real-Time quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 45,851 mosquitoes (twenty three species) were collected, 252 of which had visible blood meals. Twelve mosquito species (fifty eight individuals) were positive for horse DNA. St. Louis encephalitis virus was detected in one pool of Mansonia titillans collected on September 26, 2006. This study was able to identify several mosquito species feeding on horses and risk factors associated with WNV disease. The vaccine can protect horses against WNV disease if administered two weeks prior to exposure and if a booster is administered yearly.
机译：西尼罗河病毒（黄病毒科家族，黄病毒属WNV）在美国和佛罗里达州受到关注，因为该病毒会引起人和马的疾病。自1999年以来，在美国（1999-2007年）有23,925例临床人类WNV病例。预防和减少病例需要对WNV传播周期有清楚的了解，但是缺少许多所需的信息。尚不清楚哪种蚊子将WNV传播给马。这项研究将野外调查与实验室研究相结合，以确定在佛罗里达州中北部的马匹中可能存在的WNV蚊媒。这项研究的主要目的是比较在马附近收集的蚊子种类的丰度和季节，并表征潜在媒介的宿主偏好。另一个目的是评估佛罗里达州马匹的WNV外在危险因素。感兴趣的外部因素包括农场管理，农场生态以及与每个农场相关的昆虫学条件。在2001年至2003年期间，向所有接受过虫媒病毒测试的马匹的所有者邮寄了一份针对潜在危险因素的调查问卷。疫苗接种是与WNV疾病预后的保护作用最相关的因素。与马中WNV风险增加相关的因素是稳定使用风扇，蚊子活动和财产上的死鸟。进行血粉鉴定和病毒筛查，以确定哪些蚊子种类（如果有）与WNV向马的传播有关。从佛罗里达州中北部的一个马匹研究区收集了26个月的蚊子。使用不同引物组的PCR，从采血蚊子的腹部提取DNA，以检测禽，哺乳动物和爬虫类动物血液的存在。通过测序确认血粉。将非血液喂养的蚊子分类到最多50个蚊子的池中，并通过实时定量RT-PCR筛选WNV，SLEV和EEEV。总共收集了45851个蚊子（23种），其中252个有可见血粉。十二种蚊虫（58个个体）的马DNA呈阳性。在2006年9月26日收集的一株Mansonia titillans中检测到圣路易斯脑炎病毒。这项研究能够确定几种以马为食的蚊子种类和与WNV疾病相关的危险因素。如果疫苗在接触前两周施用，并且每年进行一次加强疫苗接种，则可以保护马匹免受WNV疾病侵害。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rios, Leslie Michelle Viguers.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Florida.;

  • 授予单位 University of Florida.;
  • 学科 Biology Entomology.;Biology Virology.;Biology Veterinary Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 136 p.
  • 总页数 136
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 昆虫学;动物学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:47

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