China is famous by her long history and rich animal genetic resources. Current article tried to review nearly 2000 years＂ breeding history of Chinese yellow cattle from meat type to working type through historical evidences, treating Chinese yellow cattle as an integrated entirety. By comparing to modern breeding techniques and system, breeding goals, measurements and organization related to cattle breeding were analyzed, and the breeding efficiency of yellow cattle was evaluated. The purpose of these comparisons were to assist the understanding of advance and importance of key techniques and modern efficient system for cattle breeding, so we could learn from the history and boost the breeding philosophy in China%中国素以历史悠久、动物遗传资源丰富而著称。本文把中国黄牛作为一个整体,透过其选育的历史线索,评述中国黄牛在过去的数千年间经历的从肉用到役用的历史选育过程;通过与现代育种理论体系比较,剖析黄牛历史选育过程中的目标、手段和组织,理性认识黄牛的历史选育效率,以助深入理解高效动物育种体系及其关键技术的先进性和重要性,为我国现代黄牛的选育工作提供借鉴。
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