MicroRNA(miRNA) is an endogenous ,small molecule and non-protein-coding single stranded RNA ,inter-acting with target-gene by targeting on its 3'end untranslated region (31utr) or 5'end untranslated region (51utr),and increasing or inhibiting the expression of the mRNA in post transcription ,so as to enhance or reduce expression of the target gene.Many in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that miRNA is involved in the regulatory mechanism in various cardio -vascular diseases.miRNA participates in the physiological and pathological regulation of cardiac myocytes ,vascular endothe-lial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells .In the process of myocardial hypertrophy ,fibrosis and apoptosis,expression of miRNAs is markedly changed ,suggesting the close biological relationship between miRNA and the target genes associated with these three cardiovascular diseases ,and miRNA is likely to be a therapeutic target to improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction.%微RNA(miRNA)是一类内源性表达的小分子非编码单链RNA,能与靶基因信使RNA(mRNA)的3′非翻译区(31utr)或5′非翻译区(51utr)结合,从而与靶基因相互作用,在转录后水平促进或抑制mRNA翻译,增强或减弱目的基因表达.很多体内外研究表明,在各种心血管疾病的发生发展过程中,miRNA都起着关键的调节作用.miRNA参与心肌细胞、血管内皮细胞以及血管平滑肌细胞的生理病理调控过程.在心肌肥厚、纤维化与凋亡的过程中,miRNA表达谱发生明显改变,提示miRNA与这3种心血管疾病相关的靶基因生物学相关性关系密切,极有可能成为心肌梗死后改善心肌功能的治疗靶点.
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