Enterobacteriaceae is the commonest in gram negative bacteria , which may lead to hospital and community infec-tion,β-lactams antibiotic is an optimal selection in anti-infection, but it is by overusing that may result in less sensitive e ven resistant in application , for hydrolysis , inactivation by related enzymes or alteration bacterrial structure , to destroy the activi-ties of β-lactams.This situation is a huge challenge to clinical practice , thus the mechanism of β-lactam resistant enterobac-teriaceae are reviewed according to its resistance phenotype so as to provide guidance for clinical application reasonablely .%肠杆菌科细菌是革兰阴性杆菌中最常见的一类细菌，在一定条件下可引起医院和社区感染。临床首选β-内酰胺类抗生素来抗感染，但由于抗生素的不合理使用导致肠杆菌科细菌产生相应的灭活酶及水解酶或菌株细胞结构改变，从而破坏β-内酰胺环使其对抗生素作用的敏感性下降甚至耐药，给临床抗感染治疗带来了极大的挑战；为更好地指导临床用药，拟就肠杆菌科细菌的耐药表型、对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药机制做一综述。
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