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Discovering the laws of physics with a serious game in kindergarten

机译：通过幼儿园认真的游戏发现物理定律

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Serious games have unique strengths that can be used to augment science education. For the current study, we developed and investigated a serious game to assess kindergartners' discovery of the laws of physics in the so-called Hippo app. The participants were 71 children, aged 5 years and 5 months on average. The app consisted of three game-plays: slides, seesaw, and pendulum. Children were asked to set variables (such as the steepness of the slide) correctly in order to provide a hungry hippo with a drink or some food. Children's gaming behavior was assessed via exploration and efficiency scores, and next related to executive control, nonverbal reasoning, and vocabulary. Exploration was defined as the number of actions corrected for the total playing time, efficiency as the number of correctly solved problems corrected for the total number of attempts. The results revealed that efficiency and exploration scores did not correlate significantly, indicating two distinct types of gaming behaviors. Both types were associated with attentional control. Mediation analysis showed that the relation between exploration and attentional control was mediated by vocabulary, while the relation between efficiency and attentional control was mediated by nonverbal reasoning. To conclude, kindergartners' efficiency and exploration can be seen as independent game behaviors; both demanding attentional control, but mediated by verbal skills in the case of exploration and by nonverbal reasoning in the case of efficiency. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：严肃的游戏具有独特的优势，可用于加强科学教育。在当前的研究中，我们开发并研究了一个严肃的游戏，以评估幼儿园儿童在所谓的Hippo应用中对物理定律的发现。参与者为71名儿童，平均年龄为5岁零5个月。该应用程序由三个游戏组成：幻灯片，跷跷板和摆锤。要求儿童正确设置变量（例如滑梯的坡度），以便为饥饿的河马提供饮料或食物。通过探索和效率得分来评估儿童的游戏行为，其次与执行控制，非语言推理和词汇有关。探索定义为针对总播放时间纠正的动作数，效率定义为针对总尝试次数纠正的正确解决的问题数。结果表明，效率和探索得分没有显着相关，表明两种不同类型的游戏行为。两种类型都与注意力控制有关。中介分析表明，探索与注意控制之间的关系是通过词汇来介导的，而效率与注意控制之间的关系是通过非语言推理来实现的。总之，幼儿园的效率和探索可以看作是独立的游戏行为。两者都需要注意力控制，但在探索中要通过口头技巧来调解，而在效率方面则要通过非语言推理来调解。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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