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首页> 外文期刊>Trends in Plant Science >Digestion and absorption of food in plants: a plant stomach
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Digestion and absorption of food in plants: a plant stomach

机译：植物对食物的消化吸收：植物的胃

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Unlike animals, higher plants are autotrophic organisms generating their own organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. However, in their embryonic state, all seed plants use food reserves that accumulated in the endosperm (triploid storage tissues derived from double fertilization) of the seed during germination. Different strategies have been developed to enable the embryo to mobilize reserves contained in the endosperm [1,2]. In most plant species, the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of endosperm reserves are exclusively endocellular. In plants of the Arecaceae family, which includes all the palm species, and within which the largest seeds in the plant kingdom are found [coco-de-mer, coconut (Cocos nuci~era)], the mobilization of reserves is ensured by a special organ, the haustorium. This organ arises from the development of the cotyledonary lamina (distal section of the cotyledon), which is initiated at the start of embryo germination. In the coconut palm, four months after the start of germination, the haustorium invades the entire nut cavity (Fig. 1). It actively participates in the hydrolysis of lipid (fat globules), protein (aleurone grains) and carbohydrate reserves, and in the mobilization of nutrients, thereby providing nourishment for the young, emerging plantlet, until complete exhaustion of the nut reserves, which occurs between 14 and 20 months after the start of germination.
机译：与动物不同，高等植物是通过光合作用过程产生自身有机化合物的自养生物。但是，在种子状态下，所有种子植物都使用发芽过程中积累在种子的胚乳（来源于双重受精的三倍体存储组织）中的食物储备。已经开发出不同的策略来使胚胎能够动员胚乳中的储备[1,2]。在大多数植物物种中，参与胚乳储备水解的酶仅是胞内的。在包括所有棕榈树种在内的槟榔科植物中，其中发现了植物界中最大的种子[可可，椰子（Cocos nuciera）]，通过特殊器官，疗养院。该器官来自子叶叶片（子叶的远端部分）的发育，其在胚胎萌发开始时就开始了。发芽开始四个月后，在椰子树中，吸虫侵入整个坚果腔（图1）。它积极参与脂质（脂肪球），蛋白质（神经粉粒）和碳水化合物储备的水解以及营养的动员，从而为新出现的幼苗提供营养，直到坚果储备完全耗尽为止。发芽开始后的14和20个月。

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