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Pathogenic orphan transduction created by a nonreference LINE-1 retrotransposon

机译:非参考LINE-1反转录转座子产生的致病性孤儿转导

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Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons comprise 17% of the human genome, and move by a potentially mutagenic "copy and paste" mechanism via an RNA intermediate. Recently, the retrotransposition-mediated insertion of a new transcript was described as a novel cause of genetic disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, in a Japanese male. The inserted sequence was presumed to derive from a single-copy, noncoding RNA transcribed from chromosome 11q22.3 that retrotransposed into the dystrophin gene. Here, we demonstrate that a nonreference fulllength LINE-1 is situated in the proband and maternal genome at chromosome 11q22.3, directly upstream of the sequence, whose copy was inserted into the dystrophin gene. This LINE-1 is highly active in a cell culture assay. LINE-1 insertions are often associated with 3' transduction of adjacent genomic sequences. Thus, the likely explanation for the mutagenic insertion is a LINE-1-mediated 3' transduction with severe 5' truncation. This is the first example of LINE-1-induced human disease caused by an "orphan" 3' transduction.
机译:长的Intersperseded Element-1(LINE-1)逆转座子占人类基因组的17%,并通过潜在的诱变“复制和粘贴”机制通过RNA中间体移动。最近,在日本男性中,逆转录转座介导的新转录本的插入被描述为遗传疾病的新病因,杜氏肌营养不良症。据推测,插入的序列来自单拷贝的非编码RNA,该RNA是从染色体11q22.3转录而来,逆转录成肌营养不良蛋白基因。在这里,我们证明了一个非参考全长LINE-1位于先证者和母体基因组中的染色体11q22.3处,直接在该序列的上游,其副本已插入到肌营养不良蛋白基因中。此LINE-1在细胞培养测定中具有很高的活性。 LINE-1插入通常与相邻基因组序列的3'转导有关。因此,诱变插入的可能解释是LINE-1介导的3'转导,带有严重的5'截短。这是由“孤儿” 3'转导引起的LINE-1诱导的人类疾病的第一个例子。

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