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Trends in sex ratios of turtles in the United States: Implications of road mortality

机译：美国海龟性别比趋势：道路死亡率的含义

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Road mortality has been implicated as a significant demographic force in turtles, particularly for females, which are killed disproportionately on overland nesting movements. Moreover, the United States' road network has expanded dramatically over the last century. We therefore predicted that historical trends in sex ratios of turtle populations would be male biased. To test this prediction, we synthesized published estimates of population-level sex ratios in freshwater and terrestrial turtles in the United States (165 estimates for 36 species, published 1928-2003). Our analysis suggests that the proportion of males in populations has increased linearly (p= 0.001); the trend in male bias is synchronized with the expansion of the surfaced portion of the road network since 1930; sex ratios became more male biased in states with higher densities of roads; and populations have become more male biased in aquatic species, in which movement differentials between males and females are greatest, and are least biased in semiaquatic and terrestrial species, in which overland movements are more comparable between sexes. Our results suggest an ongoing depletion of breeding females from wild turtle populations over the last century because of many factors, including, and perhaps chiefly, road mortality.
机译：在乌龟中，尤其是对于雌性，道路死亡率被认为是重要的人口统计力量，在陆上筑巢运动中，雌性成比例地被杀死。此外，在上个世纪，美国的公路网已大大扩展。因此，我们预测乌龟种群性别比的历史趋势将受到男性的偏见。为了检验这一预测，我们综合了美国已发表的有关淡水龟和陆龟的种群水平性别比的估计值（165种对36种动物的估计值，发表于1928-2003年）。我们的分析表明，男性在人口中的比例线性增加（p = 0.001）;自1930年以来，男性偏见的趋势与道路网络表面部分的扩张同步;在道路密度较高的州，性别比例变得更加男性偏见;男性偏向于水生物种，男性和女性之间的运动差异最大，而偏向于半水生和陆生物种中，男性的偏向性最小，而陆生运动在两性之间更具可比性。我们的研究结果表明，由于许多因素，包括道路死亡率，可能是上个世纪以来，野生海龟种群中繁殖雌性的活动不断减少。

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