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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Prolactin promotes oxytocin and vasopressin release by activating neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.
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Prolactin promotes oxytocin and vasopressin release by activating neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.

机译：催乳素通过激活视光上和脑室旁核中的神经元一氧化氮合酶来促进催产素和加压素释放。

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摘要

Prolactin (PRL) stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (OXT) and arginine AVP as part of the maternal adaptations facilitating parturition and lactation. Both neurohormones are under the regulation of nitric oxide. Here, we investigate whether the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system mediates the effect of PRL on OXT and AVP release and whether these effects operate in males. Plasma levels of OXT and AVP were measured in male rats after the intracerebroventricular injection of PRL or after inducing hyperprolactinemia by placing two anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule. NOS activity was evaluated in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) hypothalamic nuclei by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and in hypothalamic extracts by the phosphorylation/inactivation of nNOS at Ser(847). Elevated central and systemic PRL correlated with increased NOS activity in the PVN and SON and with higher OXT and AVP circulating levels. Notably, treatment with 7-nitroindazole, a selective inhibitor of nNOS, prevented PRL-induced stimulation of the release of both neurohormones. Also, phosphorylation of nNOS was reduced in hyperprolactinemic rats, and treatment with bromocriptine, an inhibitor of anterior pituitary PRL secretion, suppressed this effect. These findings suggest that PRL enhances nNOS activity in the PVN and SON, thereby contributing to the regulation of OXT and AVP release. This mechanism likely contributes to the regulation of processes beyond those of female reproduction.
机译：催乳素（PRL）刺激催产素（OXT）和精氨酸AVP的分泌，这是促进分娩和泌乳的母体适应措施的一部分。两种神经激素都在一氧化氮的调节下。在这里，我们调查下丘脑-神经下垂系统中神经元一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）的激活是否介导PRL对OXT和AVP释放的影响，以及这些作用是否在男性中起作用。在脑室内注射PRL后或通过将两个垂体前叶腺置于肾囊下诱导雄性高泌乳素血症后，在雄性大鼠中测量血浆OXT和AVP的水平。通过NADPH-心肌黄递酶组织化学评估室旁（PVN）和丘脑上核（SON）的NOS活性，并通过Ser（847）处nNOS的磷酸化/失活评估下丘脑提取物中的NOS活性。中央和全身PRL升高与PVN和SON中NOS活性增加以及OXT和AVP循环水平升高有关。值得注意的是，用7-硝基吲唑（一种nNOS的选择性抑制剂）进行的治疗阻止了PRL诱导的两种神经激素释放的刺激。同样，在泌乳素过多的大鼠中nNOS的磷酸化减少，而垂体前叶PRL分泌抑制剂溴隐亭的治疗抑制了这一作用。这些发现表明PRL增强了PVN和SON中的nNOS活性，从而有助于调节OXT和AVP的释放。这种机制可能有助于调节女性生殖以外的过程。

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