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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Immunology >Immune Responses to Retroviruses
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Immune Responses to Retroviruses

机译：免疫反应逆转录病毒

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Retroviruses are genome invaders that have shared a long history of coevolution with vertebrates and their immune system. Found endogenously in genomes as traces of past invasions, retroviruses are also considerable threats to human health when they exist as exogenous viruses such as HIV. The immune response to retroviruses is engaged by germline-encoded sensors of innate immunity that recognize viral components and damage induced by the infection. This response develops with the induction of antiviral effectors and launching of the clonal adaptive immune response, which can contribute to protective immunity. However, retroviruses efficiently evade the immune response, owing to their rapid evolution. The failure of specialized immune cells to respond, a form of neglect, may also contribute to inadequate antiretroviral immune responses. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which immune responses to retroviruses are mounted at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. We also discuss how intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immunity may cooperate or conflict during the generation of immune responses.
机译：逆转录病毒是基因组入侵者，其与脊椎动物及其免疫系统共同共同历史。在基因组中发现内源性作为过去侵袭的痕迹，当它们作为艾滋病毒如外源病毒存在时，逆转录病毒对人体健康也是相当大的威胁。对逆转录病毒的免疫应答是由识别病毒组分和感染诱导的病毒分量和损伤的先天性免疫的传感器从事。这种反应随着抗病毒效应器的诱导和发射克隆适应性免疫反应的发射，这可能有助于保护免疫力。然而，由于他们的快速进化，逆转录病毒有效地避免了免疫应答。专业免疫细胞的失效，疏忽的形式也可能导致抗逆转录病毒免疫反应不足。在这里，我们讨论了对逆转录病毒的免疫反应安装在分子，细胞和有机物水平的机制。我们还讨论了在免疫应答时所讨论的内在，先天和自适应免疫力可能会合作或冲突。

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