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The role of intelligence for performance in the prototypical expertise domain of chess

机译：智力在国际象棋原型专业领域中的作用

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摘要

Prominent expertise researchers have repeatedly emphasized that individual differences in general cognitive abilities, in particular intelligence, do not play any role for the attained level of expertise in a given domain. This strong claim is opposed with the current body of evidence on the relevance of intelligence for expert performance in the prototypical expertise domain of chess. Although the findings are not unequivocal, presumably due to methodological aspects, several studies employing psychometric tests of intelligence have revealed that expert chess players display significantly higher intelligence than controls and that their playing strength is related to their intelligence level. In addition, by using the extended expert–novice paradigm (comparing experts with novices of different intelligence levels) it has been found that both, expertise and intelligence impact on the performance in expertise-related tasks. These studies suggest that expert chess play does not stand in isolation from intelligence and could stimulate interdisciplinary research on the role of general cognitive abilities in expertise development.
机译：杰出的专业知识研究人员反复强调，一般认知能力（尤其是智力）方面的个体差异对于给定领域中达到的专业知识水平没有任何作用。这种强烈的主张与国际上有关国际象棋原型专门知识领域中的智力与专家表现的相关性的证据相反。尽管发现不是很明确，但可能是由于方法论方面的原因，一些采用智力心理测验的研究表明，国际象棋专家显示的智力远高于对照组，其下棋强度与智力水平有关。此外，通过使用扩展的专家-新手范式（将专家与不同智力水平的新手进行比较），发现专业知识和智力都对与专业知识相关的任务的绩效产生影响。这些研究表明，国际象棋比赛并非孤立于智力，而是可能激发关于一般认知能力在专业技能发展中作用的跨学科研究。

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