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首页> 外文期刊>Mass Spectrometry Reviews >ADVANCES IN PROTEIN TURNOVER ANALYSIS AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL AND BIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS
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ADVANCES IN PROTEIN TURNOVER ANALYSIS AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL AND BIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS

机译：从全球和生物学的角度进行蛋白质周转分析的进展

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摘要

The concept of a dynamic state of body constituents, a precursor of the modern term of proteome dynamics, was conceived over a century ago. But, not until recently can we examine the dynamics of individual "constituents" for example, proteins at a truly global level. The path of advancement in our understanding of protein turnover at the global level is marked by the introduction of some key technological innovations. These methods include the isotopic tracer technique in the 1930s, the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique in the 1970s, the sector mass spectrometer that could analyze isotopomers of peptides in the early 1990s, the 2D gel/MALDI-TOF proteomics technology in the late 1990s, the booming liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry proteomics technology in this decade, and the recently emerging protein-tagging approaches that offer single-cell resolution for protein turnover measurements. The long-standing inquiry raised in the 1950s about the existence of a dynamic state in different organisms at different physiological conditions can now be answered with an individual "constituent" resolution on a truly global scale. Now it appears that protein degradation is not necessarily an end to the protein function. Rather, it can be the start of a new function because protein degradation clears the way for the action of other proteins. Protein turnover participates in a multi-layer complex regulatory network and shares equal importance with gene transcription and protein translation. The advances in technologies for protein turnover analysis and the improved understanding of the biological role of protein turnover will likely help to solve some long-standing biomedical problems such as the tuberculosis disease that at the present day still affects one-third of the world population.
机译：身体成分动态状态的概念是蛋白质组动力学的现代术语的前身，它是在一个多世纪前提出的。但是，直到最近我们才可以在全球范围内研究单个“成分”（例如蛋白质）的动力学。引入一些关键的技术创新标志着我们在全球范围内对蛋白质更新的理解的发展之路。这些方法包括1930年代的同位素示踪技术，1970年代的二维凝胶电泳技术，1990年代初期可以分析肽的同位素异构体的扇形质谱仪，1990年代后期的2D凝胶/ MALDI-TOF蛋白质组学技术，近十年来蓬勃发展的液相色谱/质谱分析蛋白质组学技术以及最近出现的蛋白质标记方法，这些方法可为蛋白质周转率测量提供单细胞分辨率。 1950年代提出的关于不同生物体在不同生理条件下存在动态状态的长期研究现在可以用真正全球范围内的单个“组成”分辨率来回答。现在看来，蛋白质降解不一定是蛋白质功能的终结。相反，它可能是新功能的开始，因为蛋白质降解为其他蛋白质的作用扫清了道路。蛋白质周转率参与多层复杂的调控网络，并且与基因转录和蛋白质翻译同等重要。蛋白质周转率分析技术的进步以及对蛋白质周转率的生物学作用的加深了解将有可能帮助解决一些长期存在的生物医学问题，例如目前仍影响世界三分之一人口的结核病。

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