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Vaccines and diagnostics for zoonotic schistosomiasis japonica

机译：日本人畜共患血吸虫病的疫苗和诊断

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Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent, insidious and serious of the tropical parasitic diseases. Although the effective anthelmintic drug, praziquantel, is widely available and cheap, it does not protect against re-infection, drug-resistant schistosome may evolve and mass drug administration programmes based around praziquantel are probably unsustainable long term. Whereas protective anti-schistosome vaccines are not yet available, the zoonotic nature of Schistosoma japonicum provides a novel approach for developing a transmission-blocking veterinary vaccine in domestic animals, especially bovines, which are major reservoir hosts, being responsible for up to 90% of environmental egg contamination in China and the Philippines. However, a greater knowledge of schistosome immunology is required to understand the processes associated with anti-schistosome protective immunity and to reinforce the rationale for vaccine development against schistosomiasis japonica. Importantly as well, improved diagnostic tests, with high specificity and sensitivity, which are simple, rapid and able to diagnose light S. japonicum infections, are required to determine the extent of transmission interruption and the complete elimination of schistosomiasis following control efforts. This article discusses aspects of the host immune response in schistosomiasis, the current status of vaccine development against S. japonicum and reviews approaches for diagnosing and detecting schistosome infections in mammalian hosts.
机译：血吸虫病是最普遍，最阴险的热带寄生虫病之一。尽管有效的驱虫药吡喹酮广泛可得且便宜，但不能防止再次感染，耐药血吸虫病可能会演变，基于吡喹酮的大规模药物管理计划可能长期无法持续。虽然尚无保护性抗血吸虫疫苗，但日本血吸虫的人畜共患病性质为开发可阻断家畜特别是牛的家畜（尤其是牛）传播的兽医疫苗提供了一种新颖的方法，该疫苗最多可占90％中国和菲律宾的环境鸡蛋污染。然而，需要更多的血吸虫病免疫学知识，以了解与抗血吸虫病保护性免疫有关的过程，并加强针对日本血吸虫病疫苗开发的基本原理。同样重要的是，在控制努力之后，需要确定，简单，快速且能够诊断轻度日本血吸虫感染的改进的诊断测试，以高特异性和高灵敏度来确定传播中断的程度和血吸虫病的完全消除。本文讨论了血吸虫病中宿主免疫反应的各个方面，针对日本血吸虫的疫苗开发的现状，并概述了诊断和检测哺乳动物宿主中血吸虫感染的方法。

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